Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine Center, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
PM R. 2011 Oct;3(10 Suppl 2):S452-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.07.014.
It is estimated that between 1.6 and 3.8 million concussions occur annually in the United States. Although frequently regarded as benign, concussions can lead to multiple different adverse outcomes, including prolonged postconcussive symptoms, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, cognitive impairment, early onset dementia, movement disorders, psychiatric disorders, motor neuron disease, and even death. Therefore it is important to identify individuals with concussion to provide appropriate medical care and minimize adverse outcomes. Furthermore, it is important to identify individuals who are predisposed to sustaining a concussion or to having an adverse outcome after concussion. This article will discuss the current research on serum biomarkers for concussion, genetic influence on concussion, risk factors associated with concussion predisposition and poor outcome, and practical suggestions for the application of this information in clinical practice.
据估计，每年在美国有 160 万至 380 万人患有脑震荡。尽管脑震荡通常被认为是良性的，但它可能导致多种不同的不良后果，包括持续性脑震荡后症状、慢性创伤性脑病、认知障碍、早发性痴呆、运动障碍、精神障碍、运动神经元疾病，甚至死亡。因此，识别患有脑震荡的个体，提供适当的医疗护理，并最大程度地减少不良后果非常重要。此外，识别容易发生脑震荡或脑震荡后出现不良后果的个体也很重要。本文将讨论脑震荡的血清生物标志物的当前研究、遗传对脑震荡的影响、与脑震荡易感性和不良预后相关的危险因素，以及这些信息在临床实践中的应用的实际建议。
