Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany.
J Neuroimaging. 2020 Jul;30(4):387-409. doi: 10.1111/jon.12726. Epub 2020 Jun 13.
Sports-related concussion is a serious health challenge, and females are at higher risk of sustaining a sports-related concussion compared to males. Although there are many studies that investigate outcomes following concussion, females remain an understudied population, despite representing a large proportion of the organized sports community. In this review, we provide a summary of studies that investigate sex-related differences in outcome following sports-related concussion. Moreover, we provide an introduction to the methods used to study sex-related differences after sports-related concussion, including common clinical and cognitive measures, neuroimaging techniques, as well as biomarkers. A literature search inclusive of articles published to March 2020 was performed using PubMed. The studies were reviewed and discussed with regard to the methods used. Findings from these studies remain mixed with regard to the effect of sex on clinical symptoms, concussion-related alterations in brain structure and function, and recovery trajectories. Nonetheless, there is initial evidence to suggest that sex-related differences following concussion are important to consider in efforts to develop objective biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of concussion. Additional studies on this topic are, however, clearly needed to improve our understanding of sex-related differences following concussion, as well as to understand their neurobiological underpinnings. Such studies will help pave the way toward more personalized clinical management and treatment of sports-related concussion.
运动相关性脑震荡是一个严重的健康挑战，女性比男性更容易受到运动相关性脑震荡的影响。尽管有许多研究调查脑震荡后的结果，但女性仍然是一个研究不足的群体，尽管她们在有组织的运动社区中占很大比例。在这篇综述中，我们总结了研究运动相关性脑震荡后性别相关差异的研究。此外，我们还介绍了研究运动相关性脑震荡后性别相关差异的方法，包括常见的临床和认知测量、神经影像学技术以及生物标志物。使用 PubMed 进行了包括截至 2020 年 3 月发表的文章在内的文献检索。对这些研究进行了回顾和讨论，重点是使用的方法。这些研究的结果在性别对临床症状、与脑震荡相关的大脑结构和功能改变以及恢复轨迹的影响方面仍然存在分歧。尽管如此，有初步证据表明，脑震荡后性别差异对于开发脑震荡的诊断和预后的客观生物标志物非常重要。然而，显然需要更多关于这一主题的研究来提高我们对脑震荡后性别差异的理解，以及了解其神经生物学基础。这些研究将有助于为运动相关性脑震荡的个性化临床管理和治疗铺平道路。
