Llauger Roselló Maria Antònia, Pou Maria Antònia, Domínguez Leandra, Freixas Montse, Valverde Pepi, Valero Carles
EAP Encants, SAP Muntanya-Dreta de Barcelona, ICS, España.
Arch Bronconeumol. 2011 Nov;47(11):561-70. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2011.10.001. Epub 2011 Oct 28.
The aging of the populations in Western countries entails an increase in chronic diseases, which becomes evident with the triad of age, comorbidities and polymedication. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease represents one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality, with a prevalence in Spain of 10.2% in the population aged 40 to 80. In recent years, it has come to be defined not only as an obstructive pulmonary disease, but also as a systemic disease. Some aspects stand out in its management: smoking, the main risk factor, even though avoidable, is an important health problem; very important levels of underdiagnosis and little diagnostic accuracy, with inadequate use of spirometry; chronic patient profile; exacerbations that affect survival and cause repeated hospitalizations; mobilization of numerous health-care resources; need to propose integral care (health-care education, rehabilitation, promotion of self-care and patient involvement in decision-making).
西方国家人口老龄化导致慢性病增加，这在年龄、合并症和多种药物治疗的三联征中表现明显。慢性阻塞性肺疾病是发病和死亡的最重要原因之一，在西班牙40至80岁人群中的患病率为10.2%。近年来，它不仅被定义为一种阻塞性肺部疾病，还被定义为一种全身性疾病。其管理中有几个方面较为突出：吸烟是主要危险因素，尽管可以避免，但仍是一个重要的健康问题；漏诊率很高且诊断准确性低，肺活量测定法使用不足；慢性病患者情况；加重病情影响生存并导致反复住院；动用大量医疗资源；需要提供综合护理（健康教育、康复、促进自我护理以及患者参与决策）。
