Anzures Gizelle, Pascalis Olivier, Quinn Paul C, Slater Alan M, Lee Kang
Department of Human Development and Applied Psychology, University of Toronto.
Infancy. 2011;16(6):640-654. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7078.2010.00066.x.
An abundance of experience with own-race faces and limited to no experience with other-race faces has been associated with better recognition memory for own-race faces in infants, children, and adults. This study investigated the developmental origins of this other-race effect (ORE) by examining the role of a salient perceptual property of faces-that of skin color. Six- and 9-month-olds' recognition memory for own- and other-race faces was examined using infant-controlled habituation and visual-paired comparison at test. Infants were shown own- or other-race faces in color or with skin color cues minimized in grayscale images. Results for the color stimuli replicated previous findings that infants show an ORE in face recognition memory. Results for the grayscale stimuli showed that even when a salient perceptual cue to race, such as skin color information, is minimized, 6- to 9-month-olds, nonetheless, show an ORE in their face recognition memory. Infants' use of shape-based and configural cues for face recognition is discussed.
对本族面孔有丰富经验，而对其他种族面孔经验有限甚至全无，这与婴儿、儿童及成人对本族面孔更好的识别记忆有关。本研究通过考察面孔一个显著的感知属性——肤色的作用，探究了这种异族效应（ORE）的发展起源。利用婴儿控制的习惯化和测试中的视觉配对比较，研究了6个月和9个月大婴儿对本族和异族面孔的识别记忆。向婴儿展示彩色的本族或异族面孔，或者在灰度图像中尽量减少肤色线索的面孔。彩色刺激的结果重复了之前的发现，即婴儿在面孔识别记忆中表现出异族效应。灰度刺激的结果表明，即使对种族的一个显著感知线索，如肤色信息，被尽量减少，6至9个月大的婴儿在面孔识别记忆中仍然表现出异族效应。文中还讨论了婴儿在面孔识别中对基于形状和结构线索的使用。
