Marty Pierre, Pomares Christelle, Michel Grégory, Delaunay Pascal, Ferrua Bernard, Rosenthal Eric
Parasitologie-mycologie, CHU l'Archet--Nice Sophia Antipolis, inserm U 895.
Bull Acad Natl Med. 2011 Jan;195(1):181-8.
Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis is a parasitic zoonosis due to Leishmania infantum. The dog is the reservoir species and also the main victim. The vector is the female Phlebotomus sand fly. In the southern Mediterranean region the disease is most frequent in children, whereas in Europe, and particularly in France, it is mostly an opportunistic infection associated with immunosuppression. Frequent asymptomatic carriage has been detected in southern Europe. The classic symptom triad consists of fever, pallor and splenomegaly. Biological signs include low cell blood counts (anemia, leukoneutropenia, and thrombocytopenia) and an inflammatory syndrome. Commercial serologic tests such as those based on immunoblotting are very useful. The gold standard for diagnosis is parasite detection in bone marrow or blood. PCR is useful for therapeutic follow-up. Treatment is currently based on liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome).
地中海内脏利什曼病是一种由婴儿利什曼原虫引起的寄生性人畜共患病。犬是储存宿主，也是主要受害者。传播媒介是雌性白蛉。在地中海南部地区，该病在儿童中最为常见，而在欧洲，尤其是法国，它主要是一种与免疫抑制相关的机会性感染。在欧洲南部已检测到频繁的无症状携带情况。典型的症状三联征包括发热、苍白和脾肿大。生物学体征包括低血细胞计数（贫血、白细胞减少和血小板减少）以及炎症综合征。基于免疫印迹等商业血清学检测非常有用。诊断的金标准是在骨髓或血液中检测到寄生虫。聚合酶链反应（PCR）对治疗随访有用。目前的治疗方法是基于脂质体两性霉素B（安必素）。
