Department of Psychology, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2012;19(3):362-79. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2011.615905. Epub 2011 Nov 2.
Controlling for age, gender, education, and self-rated health, the present study used regression analyses to examine the relationships between memory control beliefs and self-reported forgetfulness in the context of the meta-theory of Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC). Findings from this online survey (N = 409) indicate that, among adult New Zealanders, a higher sense of memory control accounts for a 22.7% reduction in self-reported forgetfulness. Similarly, optimization was found to account for a 5% reduction in forgetfulness while the strategies of selection and compensation were not related to self-reports of forgetfulness. Optimization partially mediated the beneficial effects that some memory beliefs (e.g., believing that memory decline is inevitable and believing in the potential for memory improvement) have on forgetfulness. It was concluded that memory control beliefs are important predictors of self-reported forgetfulness while the support for the SOC model in the context of memory controllability and everyday forgetfulness is limited.
本研究在选择性优化与补偿的元理论（SOC）背景下，采用回归分析控制年龄、性别、教育程度和自评健康状况，考察了记忆控制信念与自我报告遗忘之间的关系。本在线调查（N=409）的结果表明，在新西兰成年人中，较高的记忆控制感可使自我报告的遗忘率降低 22.7%。同样，优化可使遗忘率降低 5%，而选择和补偿策略与遗忘的自我报告无关。优化部分中介了一些记忆信念（例如，认为记忆衰退是不可避免的，以及相信记忆改善的潜力）对遗忘的有益影响。研究结论认为，记忆控制信念是自我报告遗忘的重要预测指标，而在记忆可控性和日常遗忘背景下，SOC 模型的支持是有限的。
