Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Psychol. 2010 Dec 1;45(6):427-34. doi: 10.1080/00207594.2010.501336.
Anger and anger rumination are considered to be detrimental to both physical and psychological well being. Furthermore, perfectionism, as a personality construct, seems to be related to various types of maladjustment. Whereas perfectionism has been characterized as being positive when an individual derives pleasure from striving for excellence yet recognizes and accepts individual limitations, it is deemed negative when the individual has unrealistic expectations and is never satisfied with his or her performance. The present study examined whether positive and negative perfectionism was associated with anger and anger rumination. The Farsi version of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale and the Farsi version of the Anger Rumination Scale, as well as Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Scale were completed by 384 Iranian students. Results showed that anger and anger rumination were, as expected, associated negatively with positive perfectionism and associated positively with negative perfectionism. Positive perfectionism enables individuals to strive for success in a flexible manner and, thus, to experience satisfaction and pleasure rather than dissatisfaction, frustration, and anger. Conversely, negative perfectionism makes individuals vulnerable to emotional distress such as predisposition to experience anger and anger rumination through setting high standards for performance, overgeneralization of perceived failures, negative self-evaluation, self-blame, and measuring self-worth in terms of unachievable goals of accomplishment and productivity. Hence, perfectionism may be regarded as having both adaptive and maladaptive aspects with regard to health.
愤怒和愤怒反刍被认为对身心健康都有害。此外，作为一种人格结构，完美主义似乎与各种类型的失调有关。虽然当一个人从追求卓越中获得乐趣，同时又认识到并接受个人的局限性时，完美主义被认为是积极的，但当个体有不切实际的期望并且对自己的表现从不满意时，它被认为是消极的。本研究考察了积极和消极完美主义是否与愤怒和愤怒反刍有关。384 名伊朗学生完成了 Farsi 版的积极和消极完美主义量表以及 Farsi 版的愤怒反刍量表，以及 Spielberger 的状态-特质愤怒量表。结果表明，正如预期的那样，愤怒和愤怒反刍与积极完美主义呈负相关，与消极完美主义呈正相关。积极的完美主义使个体能够以灵活的方式追求成功，从而体验到满足和乐趣，而不是不满、挫折和愤怒。相反，消极的完美主义使个体容易受到情绪困扰，例如通过为表现设定高标准、对感知到的失败进行过度概括、自我贬低、自我指责以及根据无法实现的成就和生产力目标来衡量自我价值，从而更容易产生愤怒和愤怒反刍。因此，完美主义在健康方面可能既有适应性也有适应性。
