Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Division, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2012 Sep;32(3):263-73. doi: 10.3109/07388551.2011.615297. Epub 2011 Nov 1.
The gibberellins (GAs) are an important group of hormones which exert various effects on promoter and regulator of plant growth. Gibberellic acid (GA(3)) is a natural plant hormone, with great economical and industrial importance. It affects stem elongation, germination, elimination of dormancy, flowering, sex expression, enzyme induction and leaf and fruit senescence. Despite its diverse applications, the use of GA(3) is limited due to its high production costs. The industrial process currently used for the production of GA(3) is based on submerged fermentation (SmF) techniques. As an alternative for its production, solid state fermentation (SSF) has also been investigated for its ability to increase the yields of GA(3) with the use of agro-industrial wastes as support/substrate, which contributes to the decreased production costs. This review describes GA(3)'s physical, chemical and biological properties, its production by fermentation and new advances that are being carried out with special interest on the SSF technique.
赤霉素（GAs）是一类重要的激素，对植物生长的启动子和调节剂发挥各种作用。赤霉素（GA（3））是一种天然植物激素，具有巨大的经济和工业重要性。它影响茎伸长、萌发、休眠消除、开花、性别表达、酶诱导以及叶和果实衰老。尽管其具有广泛的应用，但由于生产成本高，GA（3）的使用受到限制。目前用于生产 GA（3）的工业过程是基于液体发酵（SmF）技术。作为其生产的替代方法，固态发酵（SSF）也因其能够利用农业工业废物作为支持/基质来提高 GA（3）的产量而受到研究，这有助于降低生产成本。本文综述了 GA（3）的物理、化学和生物学性质，其通过发酵生产以及正在进行的新进展，特别关注 SSF 技术。
