Kent State University, Ohio, USA.
J Health Psychol. 2001 Mar;6(2):169-90. doi: 10.1177/135910530100600207.
AIDS risk behavior and attitudes towards safer sex were studied in a sample of 666 African American and 626 European American women. Condom use, AIDS-related knowledge, risk perception, self-efficacy beliefs, attitudes and perceived partner attitudes, and an assertive coping style were analyzed with regard to mean differences and predictive power in both ethnic groups. Compared to European American women, African American women had less knowledge and lower self-efficacy beliefs towards safer sex behavior, but they perceived themselves to be at more risk and reported greater condom use. Further, ethnicity was found to moderate the effects of the psychological predictors on safer sex behavior. This moderator effect was tested using a structural equation modeling design. In both groups, risk perception was the strongest predictor of condom use. Among African American women, social-cognitive barriers (e.g. low self-efficacy beliefs, negative attitude towards condom use) worked as a second predictor and mediator of the effects of risk perception on condom use. In contrast, among European American women, social-cognitive factors had no effect on condom use. In general, prediction of safer sex behavior was stronger among African American women.
本研究调查了 666 名非裔美国女性和 626 名欧裔美国女性的艾滋病风险行为和安全性行为态度。对 condom use、AIDS 相关知识、风险感知、自我效能信念、态度和感知伴侣态度以及果断应对方式进行了分析，比较了两个种族群体之间的均值差异和预测能力。与欧裔美国女性相比，非裔美国女性在安全性行为方面的知识和自我效能信念较低，但她们认为自己面临更大的风险，并且报告了更多的 condom 使用。此外，研究发现，种族会调节心理预测因素对安全性行为的影响。使用结构方程模型设计对这种调节效应进行了检验。在两个群体中，风险感知是 condom 使用的最强预测因素。在非裔美国女性中，社会认知障碍（例如自我效能信念低、对 condom 使用的负面态度）是风险感知对 condom 使用影响的第二个预测因素和中介因素。相比之下，在欧裔美国女性中，社会认知因素对 condom 使用没有影响。总的来说，非裔美国女性的安全性行为预测能力更强。
