Franceschi S, Talamini R, Fassina A, Bidoli E
Epidemiology Unit, Aviano Cancer Center, Pordenone, Italy.
Tumori. 1990 Aug 31;76(4):331-8. doi: 10.1177/030089169007600406.
Enhanced secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) has been linked with increased risk of thyroid carcinoma. Diet can increase TSH secretion in various ways: 1) low iodine intake, 2) high goitrogen intake, especially in subjects living in iodine-deficiency areas and 3) direct stimulation of anterior pituitary gland. Excessive iodine intake, however, has also been shown to increase risk of goitre and, perhaps, also thyroid carcinoma. Epidemiological evidence on the role of diet in the etiology of thyroid carcinoma is reviewed here. Ad hoc studies in affluent countries are few and often conflicting. A case-control study conducted in the North of Italy suggests that perhaps dietary aspects other than iodine or goitrogens (i.e. fresh fruit and vegetables and animal fat) may be involved.
促甲状腺激素（TSH）分泌增加与甲状腺癌风险升高有关。饮食可通过多种方式增加TSH分泌：1）碘摄入量低；2）致甲状腺肿物质摄入量高，尤其是生活在碘缺乏地区的人群；3）直接刺激垂体前叶。然而，过量摄入碘也已被证明会增加甲状腺肿的风险，或许还会增加甲状腺癌的风险。本文综述了饮食在甲状腺癌病因学中作用的流行病学证据。富裕国家的专项研究较少，且结果常常相互矛盾。在意大利北部进行的一项病例对照研究表明，除碘或致甲状腺肿物质外（即新鲜水果、蔬菜和动物脂肪），饮食的其他方面可能也与之有关。
