Shirakabe Y
Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1990 Summer;14(3):215-21. doi: 10.1007/BF01578352.
A study of pictorial art in Japan reveals a basic concept of beauty which is very much related to the development of aesthetic surgery for the Japanese face. The eyes, nose, and mouth in a round-to-oval face are traditionally expressed in a unique manner that is based on the Buddhist ideas of harmony and universality. The common facial characteristics of the Japanese were idealized in a manner that was best seen in the oblique view. The key to effective aesthetic surgery for such facial features is suggested in the author's ideas for enhancing facial expression and individuality. This can be seen in the double-eyelid operation and augmentation rhinoplasty, which are the two asthetic surgery procedures that are more popular in Japan than in the West.
一项对日本绘画艺术的研究揭示了一种基本的美的概念，这与针对日本人面部的美容外科手术的发展密切相关。传统上，圆脸到椭圆脸中的眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴是以一种独特的方式表现的，这种方式基于佛教的和谐与普遍性观念。日本人常见的面部特征以一种在斜视图中最能体现的方式被理想化。作者关于增强面部表情和个性的观点中暗示了针对此类面部特征进行有效美容手术的关键。这在双眼皮手术和隆鼻手术中可见一斑，这两种美容手术在日本比在西方更受欢迎。
