Sawaki Risa, Luck Steven J
University of California, Davis.
Vis cogn. 2011 Aug;19(7):956-972. doi: 10.1080/13506285.2011.603709.
The biased competition theory proposes that items matching the contents of visual working memory will automatically have an advantage in the competition for attention. However, evidence for an automatic effect has been mixed, perhaps because the memory-driven attentional bias can be overcome by top-down suppression. To test this hypothesis, the Pd component of the event-related potential waveform was used as a marker of attentional suppression. While observers maintained a color in working memory, task-irrelevant probe arrays were presented that contained an item matching the color being held in memory. We found that the memory-matching probe elicited a Pd component, indicating that it was being actively suppressed. This result suggests that sensory inputs matching the information being held in visual working memory are automatically detected and generate an "attend-to-me" signal, but this signal can be overridden by an active suppression mechanism to prevent the actual capture of attention.
偏向竞争理论提出，与视觉工作记忆内容相匹配的项目在注意力竞争中会自动具有优势。然而，关于自动效应的证据并不一致，这可能是因为记忆驱动的注意力偏向可以被自上而下的抑制所克服。为了验证这一假设，事件相关电位波形的Pd成分被用作注意力抑制的指标。当观察者在工作记忆中保持一种颜色时，会呈现与记忆中颜色相匹配的任务无关探测阵列。我们发现，与记忆匹配的探测刺激引发了Pd成分，表明它正在被积极抑制。这一结果表明，与视觉工作记忆中所保持信息相匹配的感觉输入会被自动检测到并产生一个“关注我”信号，但这个信号可以被主动抑制机制所覆盖，以防止注意力的实际捕获。
