State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
J Environ Manage. 2012 Jan;93(1):254-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.09.013. Epub 2011 Oct 22.
Uncontrolled socioeconomic development has strong negative effects on the ecological environment, including pollution and the depletion and waste of natural resources. These serious consequences result from the high flows of materials and energy through a socioeconomic system produced by exchanges between the system and its surroundings, causing the disturbance of metabolic processes. In this paper, we developed an ecological network model for a societal system, and used China in 2006 as a case study to illustrate application of the model. We analyzed China's basic metabolic processes and used ecological network analysis to study the network relationships within the system. Basic components comprised the internal environment, five sectors (agriculture, exploitation, manufacturing, domestic, and recycling), and the external environment. We defined 21 pairs of ecological relationships in China's societal metabolic system (excluding self-mutualism within a component). Using utility and throughflow analysis, we found that exploitation, mutualism, and competition relationships accounted for 76.2, 14.3, and 9.5% of the total relationships, respectively. In our trophic level analysis, the components were divided into producers, consumers, and decomposers according to their positions in the system. Our analyses revealed ways to optimize the system's structure and adjust its functions, thereby promoting healthier socioeconomic development, and suggested ways to apply ecological network analysis in future socioeconomic research.
无控制的社会经济发展对生态环境有强烈的负面影响，包括污染以及自然资源的枯竭和浪费。这些严重后果是由物质和能量在社会经济系统中的高流量造成的，这些物质和能量是系统与其周围环境之间的交换产生的，导致代谢过程受到干扰。在本文中，我们开发了一个社会系统的生态网络模型，并以 2006 年的中国为例来说明模型的应用。我们分析了中国的基本代谢过程，并利用生态网络分析研究了系统内的网络关系。基本组成部分包括内部环境、五个部门（农业、开采、制造、国内和回收）和外部环境。我们在中国式社会代谢系统中定义了 21 对生态关系（不包括组件内的自我共生）。通过效用和流量分析，我们发现，在总关系中，开采、共生和竞争关系分别占 76.2%、14.3%和 9.5%。在我们的营养级分析中，根据系统中的位置将组件分为生产者、消费者和分解者。我们的分析揭示了优化系统结构和调整其功能的方法，从而促进更健康的社会经济发展，并提出了在未来社会经济研究中应用生态网络分析的方法。
