Section of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Technical University of Munich, Hochfeldweg 6, Freising-Weihenstephan D-85350, Germany.
Meat Sci. 2004 Jun;67(2):195-201. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2003.10.006.
Seventy two Simmental bulls, weighing 489 kg and approximately 15 months old fed extensively or intensively on maize silage and concentrate mixture for 100 or 138 days, were divided into four groups to assess the effect of time on feed and feeding intensity on the performance, carcass and meat quality traits. Bulls intensively fed for 138 days before slaughter had higher final body weight (673.7 kg) compared with the other three groups (610.6 kg, as overall mean). Intensive feeding significantly increased the average daily gain (1371 g/day) and improved the feed efficiency (6.95 kg DM/kg gain) compared with extensive feeding (943 g/day and 7.97 kg DM/kg gain). No significant differences were detected by time on feed. Hot carcass and kidney fat weights were significantly higher for intensively fed bulls compared with extensive ones. Dressing percentage significantly increased for 138 day groups compared with 100 day groups. Carcass conformation and fatness scores significantly improved by intensive feeding. L and b() values were not affected by time on feed or feeding intensity. Slaughtering after 138 days on feed significantly elevated the meat redness value (a()). Intensive feeding significantly decreased moisture and increased fat content of the longissimus dorsi muscle. Shear force, collagen content, juiciness, flavour and sarcomere length did not differ by time on feed or feeding intensity, while inconsistent effects were observed on tenderness and solubility of collagen.
72 头西门塔尔公牛，体重 489 公斤，年龄约 15 个月，在青贮玉米和浓缩饲料混合物上进行了 100 或 138 天的粗放或集约饲养，分为四组，以评估饲养时间和饲养强度对性能、胴体和肉质特性的影响。与其他三组（总体平均值为 610.6 公斤）相比，在屠宰前集约饲养 138 天的公牛最终体重（673.7 公斤）更高。与粗放饲养（943 克/天和 7.97 公斤 DM/增重）相比，集约饲养显著提高了平均日增重（1371 克/天）和饲料效率（6.95 公斤 DM/增重）。饲养时间没有显著差异。与粗放饲养的公牛相比，集约饲养的公牛的热胴体和肾脂重显著更高。与 100 天组相比，138 天组的胴体出肉率显著提高。通过集约饲养，胴体结构和脂肪评分显著改善。L 和 b()值不受饲养时间或饲养强度的影响。饲养 138 天后屠宰显著提高了肉色值（a()）。集约饲养显著降低了背最长肌的水分含量，增加了脂肪含量。剪切力、胶原蛋白含量、多汁性、风味和肌节长度不受饲养时间或饲养强度的影响，而胶原蛋白的嫩度和溶解度则存在不一致的影响。
