State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026416. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
A major reduction of genetic diversity in mtDNA occurred during the domestication of East Asian pigs. However, the extent to which genetic diversity has been lost in the nuclear genome is uncertain. To reveal levels and patterns of nucleotide diversity and to elucidate the genetic relationships and demographic history of domestic pigs and their ancestors, wild boars, we investigated 14 nuclear markers (including 8 functional genes, 2 pseudogenes and 4 intergenic regions) from 11 different chromosomes in East Asia-wide samples and pooled them with previously obtained mtDNA data for a combined analysis.
The results indicated that domestic pigs and wild boars possess comparable levels of nucleotide diversity across the nuclear genome, which is inconsistent with patterns that have been found in mitochondrial genome.
This incongruence between the mtDNA and nuclear genomes is suggestive of a large-scale backcross between male wild boars and female domestic pigs in East Asia. Our data reveal the impacts of founder effects and backcross on the pig genome and help us better understand the complex demographic histories of East Asian pigs, which will be useful for future work on artificial selection.
东亚家猪的驯化过程中，线粒体 DNA 的遗传多样性发生了重大减少。然而，核基因组中遗传多样性的丧失程度尚不确定。为了揭示核苷酸多样性的水平和模式，并阐明家猪及其祖先野猪的遗传关系和历史，我们对东亚广泛的样本中的 14 个核标记物（包括 8 个功能基因、2 个假基因和 4 个基因间区域）进行了研究，并将其与之前获得的 mtDNA 数据合并进行了分析。
结果表明，家猪和野猪在整个核基因组中拥有可比的核苷酸多样性，这与线粒体基因组中的模式不一致。
线粒体基因组和核基因组之间的这种不一致表明，东亚雄性野猪和雌性家猪之间发生了大规模的回交。我们的数据揭示了奠基者效应和回交对猪基因组的影响，有助于我们更好地理解东亚猪的复杂历史，这将对未来的人工选择研究有用。
