Robillard J E, Smith F G, Nakamura K T, Sato T, Segar J, Jose P A
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
Pediatr Nephrol. 1990 Jul;4(4):436-41. doi: 10.1007/BF00862532.
This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of the renal sympathetic nervous system during development. Recent evidence suggests that renal innervation appears early during fetal life and may play an important role in promoting cellular development. It has also been observed that renal nerve stimulation decreases renal blood flow and increases renal vascular resistance in fetal sheep, but to a lesser extent than in newborn and adult sheep. Moreover, it has been shown that, contrary to previous findings in adult animals, renal nerve stimulation during alpha-adrenoceptor blockade induces renal vasodilation in fetal and newborn sheep, but not in adult sheep. Recent studies have also demonstrated that renal nerves modulate the natriuretic response to a saline load in newborn lambs and influence sodium reabsorption in near-term fetal sheep. The role of renal nerves and neuronally released norepinephrine on renin secretion in the developing kidney is discussed. Finally, it is suggested that efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity might influence fetal renal hemodynamics during stressful conditions.
本综述总结了我们目前对肾交感神经系统在发育过程中作用的理解。最近的证据表明，肾神经支配在胎儿期早期就出现了，并且可能在促进细胞发育中发挥重要作用。还观察到，肾神经刺激会减少胎儿绵羊的肾血流量并增加肾血管阻力，但程度小于新生羊和成年羊。此外，研究表明，与成年动物先前的研究结果相反，在α-肾上腺素能受体阻断期间，肾神经刺激会诱导胎儿和新生羊的肾血管舒张，但成年羊不会。最近的研究还表明，肾神经调节新生羔羊对盐负荷的利钠反应，并影响近足月胎儿绵羊的钠重吸收。本文讨论了肾神经和神经元释放的去甲肾上腺素对发育中肾脏肾素分泌的作用。最后，有人提出，在应激状态下，肾交感神经传出活动可能会影响胎儿的肾血流动力学。
