Robillard J E, Nakamura K T
Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242.
Am J Physiol. 1988 Jun;254(6 Pt 2):F771-9. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.1988.254.6.F771.
This review summarizes current understanding of fetal renal physiology and considers the role of the neuroadrenergic system and renin-angiotensin system in controlling renal hemodynamics and function during development. Recent evidence suggests that renal innervation appears early during fetal life but is not an important modulator of renal hemodynamics and function during resting conditions in immature animals. It has also been observed that the renal hemodynamic response to renal nerve stimulation (RNS) is less in fetal and newborn animals than in adults. But contrary to previous findings in adult animals, RNS during alpha-adrenoceptor antagonism produces renal vasodilation in fetal and newborn sheep, but not in adult ewes. The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in modulating renal hemodynamics and function during prenatal and postnatal maturation is discussed. It is suggested that the RAS plays an important role in regulating blood pressure early during fetal life, whereas its influence on renal hemodynamics and function appears later during development.
本综述总结了目前对胎儿肾生理学的认识，并探讨了神经肾上腺素能系统和肾素 - 血管紧张素系统在发育过程中控制肾血流动力学和功能的作用。最近的证据表明，肾神经支配在胎儿期早期就已出现，但在未成熟动物的静息状态下，它并非肾血流动力学和功能的重要调节因子。还观察到，胎儿和新生动物对肾神经刺激（RNS）的肾血流动力学反应比成年动物小。但与成年动物先前的研究结果相反，在α - 肾上腺素能受体拮抗期间，RNS在胎儿和新生绵羊中会引起肾血管舒张，而在成年母羊中则不会。本文讨论了肾素 - 血管紧张素系统（RAS）在产前和产后成熟过程中调节肾血流动力学和功能的作用。研究表明，RAS在胎儿期早期调节血压方面发挥重要作用，而其对肾血流动力学和功能的影响在发育后期才显现。
