Schaechter Judy, Uhlhorn Susan B
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Mailman Center for Child Development, Miami, Florida 33101, USA.
J Trauma. 2011 Nov;71(5 Suppl 2):S517-21. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31823a4b56.
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for U.S. Latinos aged 1 to 35 years. Restraint use is an effective means of prevention of motor vehicle crash injury. Effective interventions to raise restraint use include the following: legislation, law enforcement, education, and equipment distribution. The effects of law enforcement interventions in Latino immigrant communities are understudied. We measured the community-level effect of a combined intervention that included warnings and citations phase enforcement in Latino communities.
We designed and implemented in two of three Latino-majority communities a multicomponent intervention consisting of a community awareness campaign, restraint use education with equipment distribution, and a two-staged law enforcement intervention. Restraint use observations were conducted in all three communities at baseline, after the warnings phase and again after the citations phase of the intervention were completed.
The combined intervention of community awareness, education, child passenger restraint distribution, and law enforcement focused on educational traffic stops with incentives and warnings was associated with a significant increase in both driver and child passenger restraint use in one intervention community, but only driver restraint increased to a level of significance in the other intervention community; significant increase was also noted among nonintervention drivers. The citations phase of the intervention did not result in a significant increase in restraint use and was complicated by interruptions due to unlicensed drivers.
The combined effort of community awareness, education, equipment distribution and law enforcement intervention that included incentives and warnings may be effective at increasing seat belt use in Latino communities without the need for citations.
机动车碰撞是美国1至35岁拉丁裔人群的主要死因。使用安全带是预防机动车碰撞伤害的有效手段。提高安全带使用率的有效干预措施包括：立法、执法、教育和设备分发。执法干预对拉丁裔移民社区的影响研究不足。我们评估了一项联合干预措施在拉丁裔社区的社区层面效果，该措施包括警告和罚单阶段执法。
我们在三个拉丁裔占多数的社区中的两个设计并实施了一项多组分干预措施，包括社区宣传活动、安全带使用教育及设备分发，以及两阶段执法干预。在干预的警告阶段结束后以及罚单阶段结束后，对所有三个社区在基线时进行安全带使用情况观察。
社区宣传、教育、儿童乘客安全带分发以及聚焦于有激励措施和警告的教育性交通拦截的执法联合干预，在一个干预社区中与驾驶员和儿童乘客安全带使用率的显著提高相关，但在另一个干预社区中只有驾驶员安全带使用率提高到显著水平；在未干预的驾驶员中也观察到显著提高。干预的罚单阶段并未导致安全带使用率显著提高，并且因无证驾驶导致的中断使其变得复杂。
社区宣传、教育、设备分发和包括激励措施及警告的执法干预的联合努力，可能在无需开具罚单的情况下有效提高拉丁裔社区的安全带使用率。
