Population Health Program, Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Ottawa, 1 Stewart Street, Ottawa, Ontario KIN 6N5, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Oct;8(10):3953-78. doi: 10.3390/ijerph8103953. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
Canadian research examining the combined effects of social and built environments on physical activity (PA) and obesity is limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among built and social environments and PA and overweight/obesity in 85 Ottawa neighbourhoods. Self-reported PA, height and weight were collected from 3,883 adults using the International PA Questionnaire from the 2003-2007 samples of the Rapid Risk Factor Surveillance System. Data on neighbourhood characteristics were obtained from the Ottawa Neighbourhood Study; a large study of neighbourhoods and health in Ottawa. Two-level binomial logistic regression models stratified by sex were used to examine the relationships of environmental and individual variables with PA and overweight/obesity while using survey weights. Results identified that approximately half of the adults were insufficiently active or overweight/obese. Multilevel models identified that for every additional convenience store, men were two times more likely to be physically active (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.72, 2.43) and with every additional specialty food store women were almost two times more likely to be overweight or obese (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.33, 2.20). Higher green space was associated with a reduced likelihood of PA (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.99) and increased odds of overweight and obesity in men (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.19), and decreased odds of overweight/obesity in women (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.89). In men, neighbourhood socioeconomic scores, voting rates and sense of community belonging were all significantly associated with overweight/obesity. Intraclass coefficients were low, but identified that the majority of neighbourhood variation in outcomes was explained by the models. Findings identified that green space, food landscapes and social cohesiveness may play different roles on PA and overweight/obesity in men and women and future prospective studies are needed.
加拿大的研究对社会和建筑环境对身体活动（PA）和肥胖的综合影响进行了有限的研究。本研究的目的是确定 85 个渥太华社区的建筑和社会环境与 PA 和超重/肥胖之间的关系。2003-2007 年期间，使用国际 PA 问卷从快速风险因素监测系统的 3883 名成年人中收集了 PA、身高和体重的自我报告数据。社区特征数据来自渥太华社区研究；这是一项对渥太华社区和健康的大型研究。使用二水平二项逻辑回归模型按性别分层，在使用调查权重的情况下，检查环境和个体变量与 PA 和超重/肥胖的关系。结果表明，大约一半的成年人活动不足或超重/肥胖。多水平模型确定，每增加一家便利店，男性进行身体活动的可能性就增加两倍（OR = 2.08，95%CI：1.72，2.43），每增加一家特色食品店，女性超重或肥胖的可能性几乎增加两倍（OR = 1.77，95%CI：1.33，2.20）。较高的绿地与 PA 的可能性降低有关（OR = 0.93，95%CI：0.86，0.99），与男性超重和肥胖的几率增加有关（OR = 1.10，95%CI：1.01，1.19），与女性超重/肥胖的几率降低有关（OR = 0.66，95%CI：0.44，0.89）。在男性中，社区社会经济评分、投票率和社区归属感都与超重/肥胖显著相关。组内系数较低，但确定模型解释了大部分社区结果的差异。研究结果表明，绿地、食品景观和社会凝聚力可能在男性和女性的 PA 和超重/肥胖中发挥不同的作用，需要进行前瞻性研究。
