Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010 Jul 5;7:57. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-7-57.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between body mass index and neighborhood walkability, socioeconomic status (SES), reasons for choosing neighborhoods, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and demographic variables.
Two studies, one longitudinal and one cross-sectional, were conducted. Participants included adults (n = 572) who provided complete data in 2002 and 2008 and a concurrent sample from 2008 (n = 1164). Data were collected with longitudinal and cross-sectional telephone surveys. Objective measures of neighborhood characteristics (walkability and SES) were calculated using census data and geographic information.
In the longitudinal study, neighborhood choice for ease of walking and proximity to outdoor recreation interacted with whether participants had moved during the course of study to predict change in BMI over 6 years. Age, change in activity status, and neighborhood SES were also significant predictors of BMI change. Cross-sectionally, neighborhood SES and neighborhood choice for ease of walking were significantly related to BMI as were gender, age, activity level and fruit and vegetable intake.
Results demonstrate that placing importance on choosing neighborhoods that are considered to be easily walkable is an important contributor to body weight. Findings that objectively measured neighbourhood SES and neighborhood choice variables contributed to BMI suggest that future research consider the role of neighborhood choice in examining the relationships between the built environment and body weight.
本研究旨在探讨体重指数与邻里可步行性、社会经济地位（SES）、选择邻里的原因、身体活动、水果和蔬菜摄入量以及人口统计学变量之间的关系。
进行了两项研究，一项是纵向研究，一项是横断面研究。参与者包括在 2002 年和 2008 年提供完整数据的成年人（n=572）和 2008 年同期样本（n=1164）。数据通过纵向和横断面电话调查收集。使用人口普查数据和地理信息计算邻里特征（可步行性和 SES）的客观指标。
在纵向研究中，选择易于步行的邻里和靠近户外娱乐的邻里与参与者在研究过程中是否搬家一起预测 BMI 在 6 年内的变化。年龄、活动状态的变化以及邻里 SES 也是 BMI 变化的重要预测因素。横断面研究中，邻里 SES 和选择易于步行的邻里与 BMI 显著相关，性别、年龄、活动水平和水果和蔬菜摄入量也是如此。
结果表明，重视选择被认为易于步行的邻里是控制体重的一个重要因素。客观测量的邻里 SES 和邻里选择变量对 BMI 有贡献的发现表明，未来的研究应考虑邻里选择在研究建筑环境与体重之间关系中的作用。
