Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Clin Exp Dermatol. 2011 Dec;36(8):833-8, quiz 839. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04162.x.
The dyschromatoses are a group of pigmentary disorders characterized clinically by mixed and often guttate hypopigmented and hyperpigmented lesions. There are many conditions that present with dyschromatosis, including genodermatoses, inflammatory skin diseases, infections, drug and chemical use, and nutritional disorders. Some conditions have extracutaneous features. Poikiloderma (a combination of hypo- and hyperpigmentation with telangiectasia and atrophy) must be excluded. In this article, we describe the dyschromatoses typically presenting in infancy and childhood, most of which are genodermatoses. The approach we have taken in classifying them is based on organ involvement. We hope this article will serve as a guide for dermatologists to the recognition of these uncommon conditions.
色素异常症是一组以临床特征为混合性和常呈斑点状的色素减退和色素沉着病变为特征的色素障碍性疾病。有许多疾病表现为色素异常症，包括遗传性皮肤病、炎症性皮肤病、感染、药物和化学物质使用以及营养障碍。一些疾病具有皮肤外特征。必须排除斑驳病（皮肤色素减退和色素沉着、毛细血管扩张和萎缩的组合）。在本文中，我们描述了在婴儿和儿童中常见的色素异常症，其中大多数是遗传性皮肤病。我们对其进行分类的方法基于器官受累。我们希望本文能作为皮肤科医生识别这些罕见疾病的指南。
