Becker Steven M
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Disaster and Emergency Communication Research Unit, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0022, USA.
Biosecur Bioterror. 2011 Dec;9(4):394-404. doi: 10.1089/bsp.2011.0084. Epub 2011 Nov 10.
On March 11, 2011, the eastern portion of Japan was struck by a massive earthquake and tsunami that killed more than 15,700 people, left thousands of others hurt or missing, and caused widespread destruction. In addition, the Great East Japan Disaster seriously damaged the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power station, knocking out power, severely affecting communications, and causing a loss of cooling to some reactor cores. Significant quantities of radioactive materials were released, a "no go" zone was created around the crippled reactors, and thousands of people were evacuated. With concern about the radiological emergency growing, one of Japan's largest hospital and healthcare groups issued a request for assistance to a U.S.-based international disaster relief organization. After consultations with the Japanese, a special Radiological Emergency Assistance Mission was assembled. The mission, which traveled to Japan in April 2011, had several aims: (1) to rapidly assess the situation on the ground, (2) to exchange information, experiences, and insights with Japanese colleagues, and (3) to provide radiological information and practical refresher training to Japanese healthcare professionals and first responders. In addition to achieving these aims and laying the groundwork for future cooperation, the mission produced dozens of insights and lessons. These have potential relevance not only for future large-scale radiation accidents, but also for radiological and nuclear terrorism situations. They also have more general relevance for emergency planning, preparedness, and response. In this article, several of the most salient insights and lessons are highlighted.
2011年3月11日，日本东部地区遭受了一场强烈地震和海啸的袭击，造成15700多人死亡，数千人受伤或失踪，并导致了广泛的破坏。此外，东日本大地震严重损坏了福岛第一核电站，导致停电，严重影响通讯，并使一些反应堆堆芯失去冷却。大量放射性物质被释放，受损反应堆周围设立了“禁区”，数千人被疏散。随着对放射紧急情况的担忧加剧，日本最大的医院和医疗保健集团之一向一家总部位于美国的国际救灾组织请求援助。在与日方协商后，组建了一支特别放射紧急援助特派团。该特派团于2011年4月前往日本，有几个目标：（1）迅速评估实地情况；（2）与日本同行交流信息、经验和见解；（3）向日本医疗保健专业人员和急救人员提供放射信息和实用的进修培训。除了实现这些目标并为未来合作奠定基础外，该特派团还产生了数十条见解和经验教训。这些不仅对未来的大规模辐射事故有潜在相关性，而且对放射和核恐怖主义情况也有相关性。它们对应急规划、准备和应对也具有更普遍的相关性。在本文中，突出了一些最显著的见解和经验教训。
