Public Health Division, Western Australian Department of Health, Perth, Australia.
Asia Pac J Public Health. 2012 Jul;24(4):689-96. doi: 10.1177/1010539512453258. Epub 2012 Jul 11.
On March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake occurred off the Sanriku coast of Japan, which resulted in multiple tsunamis. The earthquake and tsunami damaged several nuclear power stations, with the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant being the worst affected, which led Japan to declare a State of Nuclear Emergency. As of November 9, 2011, the National Police Agency of Japan reported a death toll of 15 836 people, with 3664 people still reported missing, following the earthquake and tsunami. Australian radiation health advisers were deployed to Tokyo early in the nuclear emergency to assist the Australian Embassy in assessing the radiological threat, to provide risk advice to Embassy staff and Australian citizens in Japan, and to plan for any further deterioration in the nuclear situation. This article explores the challenges of risk assessment, risk communication, and contingency planning for expatriate staff in the worst nuclear incident since Chernobyl, outlines what measures were successful in addressing heightened perceived risks, and identifies areas where further research is required, particularly in a radiological context.
2011 年 3 月 11 日，日本三陆海岸发生 9.0 级地震，引发了多次海啸。地震和海啸破坏了多个核电站，福岛第一核电站受灾最严重，日本因此宣布进入核紧急状态。截至 2011 年 11 月 9 日，日本警察厅报告称，地震和海啸已造成 15836 人死亡，仍有 3664 人失踪。核紧急事件发生后，澳大利亚辐射健康顾问被部署到东京，协助澳大利亚大使馆评估放射性威胁，为大使馆工作人员和在日澳大利亚公民提供风险建议，并为核形势进一步恶化做好规划。本文探讨了在切尔诺贝利事故以来最严重的核事件中，对侨民工作人员进行风险评估、风险沟通和应急规划所面临的挑战，概述了哪些措施成功地解决了人们对风险的过高认知，并确定了需要进一步研究的领域，特别是在放射性方面。
