Department of Philosophy, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244.
Behav Brain Sci. 2011 Dec;34(6):325-6. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X1100080X.
The instrumental model offered by Müller & Schumann (M&S) is broadened to apply not only to drugs, but also to other methods of self-control, including the use of mental constructs to produce adaptive changes in behavior with the possibility of synergistic interactions between various instruments.
穆勒和舒曼（M&S）提出的工具模型得到了扩展，不仅适用于药物，也适用于其他自我控制方法，包括使用心理结构产生行为的适应性变化，并且各种工具之间可能存在协同相互作用。
