Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Avenida División del Golfo 356, Col. Libertad, 87019 Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Vaccine. 2012 Jan 5;30(2):273-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.099. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
Red deer (Cervus elaphus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are hosts for different tick species and tick-borne pathogens and play a role in tick dispersal and maintenance in some regions. These factors stress the importance of controlling tick infestations in deer and several methods such as culling and acaricide treatment have been used. Tick vaccines are a cost-effective alternative for tick control that reduced cattle tick infestations and tick-borne pathogens prevalence while reducing the use of acaricides. Our hypothesis is that vaccination with vector protective antigens can be used for the control of tick infestations in deer. Herein, three experiments were conducted to characterize (1) the antibody response in red deer immunized with recombinant BM86, the antigen included in commercial tick vaccines, (2) the antibody response and control of cattle tick infestations in white-tailed deer immunized with recombinant BM86 or tick subolesin (SUB) and experimentally infested with Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, and (3) the antibody response and control of Hyalomma spp. and Rhipicephalus spp. field tick infestations in red deer immunized with mosquito akirin (AKR), the SUB ortholog and candidate protective antigen against different tick species and other ectoparasites. The results showed that deer produced an antibody response that correlated with the reduction in tick infestations and was similar to other hosts vaccinated previously with these antigens. The overall vaccine efficacy was similar between BM86 (E=76%) and SUB (E=83%) for the control of R. microplus infestations in white-tailed deer. The field trial in red deer showed a 25-33% (18-40% when only infested deer were considered) reduction in tick infestations, 14-20 weeks after the first immunization. These results demonstrated that vaccination with vector protective antigens could be used as an alternative method for the control of tick infestations in deer to reduce tick populations and dispersal in regions where deer are relevant hosts for these ectoparasites.
马鹿和白尾鹿是不同蜱种和蜱传病原体的宿主，在某些地区的蜱传播和维持中发挥作用。这些因素强调了控制鹿类蜱类感染的重要性，已经使用了几种方法，如扑杀和杀蜱剂处理。蜱疫苗是一种具有成本效益的蜱类控制替代方法，可降低牛蜱感染率和蜱传病原体的流行率，同时减少杀蜱剂的使用。我们的假设是，用媒介保护抗原进行疫苗接种可用于控制鹿类的蜱类感染。在此，进行了三项实验来描述：（1）用包含在商业蜱疫苗中的抗原重组 BM86 免疫的马鹿的抗体反应；（2）用重组 BM86 或蜱亚油酸（SUB）免疫并实验性感染 Rhipicephalus（Boophilus）microplus 的白尾鹿的抗体反应和牛蜱感染的控制；（3）用蚊蚋 akirin（AKR）、SUB 同源物和针对不同蜱种和其他外寄生虫的候选保护抗原免疫的马鹿对 Hyalomma spp. 和 Rhipicephalus spp. 田间蜱感染的抗体反应和控制。结果表明，鹿产生了与蜱感染减少相关的抗体反应，与之前用这些抗原接种的其他宿主相似。在白尾鹿中，BM86（E=76%）和 SUB（E=83%）对 R. microplus 感染的总体疫苗效力相似。在马鹿的现场试验中，首次免疫后 14-20 周，蜱感染减少了 25-33%（仅考虑感染的鹿时为 18-40%）。这些结果表明，用媒介保护抗原进行疫苗接种可以作为控制鹿类蜱类感染的替代方法，以减少这些外寄生虫相关宿主所在地区的蜱类数量和传播。
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