Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
J Autoimmun. 2012 May;38(2-3):J109-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.10.003. Epub 2011 Nov 12.
A large number of autoimmune diseases (ADs) are more prevalent in women. The more frequent the AD and the later it appears, the more women are affected. Many ideas mainly based on hormonal and genetic factors that influence the autoimmune systems of females and males differently, have been proposed to explain this predominance. These hypotheses have gained credence mostly because many of these diseases appear or fluctuate when there are hormonal changes such as in late adolescence and pregnancy. Differences in X chromosome characteristics between men and women with an AD have led researchers to think that the genetic background of this group of diseases also relates to the genetic determinants of gender. These hormonal changes as well as the genetic factors that could explain why women are more prone to develop ADs are herein reviewed.
大量的自身免疫性疾病（AD）在女性中更为普遍。AD 越频繁，出现得越晚，受影响的女性就越多。许多主要基于激素和遗传因素的观点认为，这些因素会以不同的方式影响女性和男性的自身免疫系统，这些观点被提出来解释这种优势。这些假说之所以获得认可，主要是因为许多疾病在青春期后期和怀孕等激素变化时出现或波动。患有 AD 的男性和女性的 X 染色体特征的差异促使研究人员认为，这组疾病的遗传背景也与性别的遗传决定因素有关。本文综述了这些激素变化以及可能解释为什么女性更容易患 AD 的遗传因素。
