Penrose, Colorado 81240, USA.
J Anal Toxicol. 2011 Nov;35(9):624-37. doi: 10.1093/anatox/35.9.624.
The prohibition on use of cannabinoids in sporting competitions has been widely debated and continues to be a contentious issue. Information continues to accumulate on the adverse health effects of smoked marijuana and the decrement of performance caused by the use of cannabinoids. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of cannabinoids and cannabimimetics that directly or indirectly impact sport, the rules of sport, and performance of the athlete. This article reviews some of the history of marijuana in Olympic and Collegiate sport, summarizes the guidelines by which a substance is added to the World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List, and updates information on the pharmacologic effects of cannabinoids and their mechanism of action. The recently marketed cannabimimetics Spice and K2 are included in the discussion as they activate the same receptors as are activated by THC. The article also provides a view as to why the World Anti-Doping Agency prohibits cannabinoid or cannabimimetic use incompetition and should continue to do so.
大麻素在体育竞赛中的禁用一直存在广泛争议，并且仍是一个有争议的问题。有关吸食大麻对健康的不良影响以及大麻素使用导致的运动表现下降的信息不断增加。本文的目的是提供对直接或间接影响运动、运动规则和运动员表现的大麻素和类大麻物质的概述。本文回顾了大麻在奥林匹克和大学运动中的一些历史，总结了将物质添加到世界反兴奋剂机构禁用清单中的准则，并更新了大麻素的药理作用及其作用机制的信息。最近上市的类大麻物质 Spice 和 K2 也被包括在讨论中，因为它们激活的受体与 THC 激活的受体相同。本文还就世界反兴奋剂机构为何禁止大麻素或类大麻物质在比赛中的使用以及为何应继续禁止此类物质的使用提供了观点。
