Centre for Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis, The Fertility Clinic, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
Hum Reprod. 2012 Jan;27(1):97-105. doi: 10.1093/humrep/der382. Epub 2011 Nov 10.
Blastomere biopsy of human embryos is performed for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). The impact on further development is largely unexplored, though studies on mice suggest an influence on the hatching process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of blastomere biopsy on early human embryonic development using time-lapse analysis.
Embryos from couples undergoing PGD treatment or IVF/ICSI were included. In the PGD group, 56 human embryos had one blastomere biopsied. As controls, 53 non-biopsied IVF/ICSI embryos were selected. All embryos were cultured until 5 days after fertilization in a time-lapse incubator (EmbryoScope™). Images of embryos were acquired every 20 min. Time-points of key embryonic events were registered, and development in the two groups was compared.
Duration of the biopsied cell-stage in the PGD group was longer than in the control group (P < 0.001), causing biopsied embryos to reach subsequent embryonic stages until hatching at significantly later time-points (P(compaction) < 0.001; P(morula) < 0.001; P(earlyblast) < 0.001; P(fullblast) = 0.01), but with unchanged intervals. Embryos in the PGD group started hatching at the same time-point as the control group, but had a smaller diameter (P < 0.001), and a thicker zona pellucida (P < 0.001) when hatching. Time-lapse videos revealed that in the control group, expansion of the blastocyst caused continuous thinning of zona pellucida until the blastocyst hatched, whereas in the PGD group the blastocyst hatched through the opening in zona pellucida artificially introduced prior to the biopsy.
We find that blastomere biopsy prolongs the biopsied cell-stage, possibly caused by a delayed compaction and alters the mechanism of hatching.
人类胚胎的卵裂球活检用于植入前遗传学诊断（PGD）。虽然关于老鼠的研究表明卵裂球活检会影响孵化过程，但对进一步发育的影响在很大程度上仍未得到探索。本研究旨在通过时差分析评估卵裂球活检对早期人类胚胎发育的影响。
纳入接受 PGD 治疗或 IVF/ICSI 的夫妇的胚胎。在 PGD 组中，对 56 个人类胚胎进行了一个卵裂球活检。作为对照，选择了 53 个未经活检的 IVF/ICSI 胚胎。所有胚胎均在时差培养箱（EmbryoScope™）中培养至受精后 5 天。每隔 20 分钟采集胚胎图像。记录关键胚胎事件的时间点，并比较两组的发育情况。
PGD 组活检细胞期的持续时间长于对照组（P < 0.001），导致活检胚胎到达后续胚胎阶段直至孵化的时间点明显延迟（P(compaction) < 0.001；P(morula) < 0.001；P(earlyblast) < 0.001；P(fullblast) = 0.01），但间隔时间不变。PGD 组胚胎与对照组同时开始孵化，但直径较小（P < 0.001），孵化时透明带较厚（P < 0.001）。时差视频显示，在对照组中，囊胚的扩张导致透明带不断变薄，直到囊胚孵化，而在 PGD 组中，囊胚通过活检前人工引入的透明带开口孵化。
我们发现卵裂球活检会延长活检细胞期，这可能是由于压缩延迟所致，并改变了孵化的机制。
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