Hsing A W, McLaughlin J K, Schuman L M, Bjelke E, Gridley G, Wacholder S, Chien H T, Blot W J
Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Cancer Res. 1990 Nov 1;50(21):6836-40.
A cohort of 17,633 white males age 35 and older responded to a mailed epidemiological questionnaire in 1966 and was followed until 1986 to determine the risk of cancer associated with diet, tobacco use, and other factors. During the 20-year follow-up, 149 fatal prostate cancer cases were identified. Relative risks for prostate cancer were significantly elevated among cigarette smokers (relative risk, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.9) and users of smokeless tobacco (relative risk, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-4.1). No significant associations were found with frequency of consumption of meats, dairy products, fruits, or vegetables. There were no overall significant associations between consumption of vitamin A from animal sources (retinol) and provitamin A from plant sources (carotene) and risk, but positive trends were seen for ages under 75, while inverse associations were found at older ages. Beverage consumption, including drinking coffee and alcohol, was unrelated to risk. Marital status, education, rural/urban status, and farming residence were also unrelated to the risk of fatal prostate cancer. The findings add to limited evidence that tobacco may be a risk factor for prostate cancer, but fail to provide clues to dietary or other risk factors.
1966年，一组17633名年龄在35岁及以上的白人男性对邮寄的流行病学调查问卷进行了回复，并一直随访至1986年，以确定与饮食、烟草使用及其他因素相关的癌症风险。在20年的随访期间，共确诊了149例致命前列腺癌病例。吸烟者（相对风险为1.8；95%置信区间为1.1 - 2.9）和无烟烟草使用者（相对风险为2.1；95%置信区间为1.1 - 4.1）患前列腺癌的相对风险显著升高。未发现食用肉类、乳制品、水果或蔬菜的频率与之有显著关联。来自动物来源的维生素A（视黄醇）和来自植物来源的维生素A原（胡萝卜素）的摄入量与风险之间总体上无显著关联，但在75岁以下人群中呈现出正相关趋势，而在年龄较大者中则发现了负相关。包括喝咖啡和饮酒在内的饮料消费与风险无关。婚姻状况、教育程度、农村/城市状况以及务农居住情况也与致命前列腺癌的风险无关。这些研究结果进一步证明了烟草可能是前列腺癌的一个风险因素，但未能提供饮食或其他风险因素的线索。
