Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Dec 15;58(5):489-98. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31823554d7.
In the absence of an effective HIV vaccine, safer sexual practices are necessary to avert new infections. Therefore, we examined the efficacy of behavioral interventions to increase condom use and reduce sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV.
Studies that examined a behavioral intervention focusing on reducing sexual risk, used a randomized controlled trial or a quasi-experimental design with a comparison condition, and provided needed information to calculate effect sizes for condom use and any type of STI, including HIV.
Studies were retrieved from electronic databases (eg, PubMed, PsycINFO) and reference sections of relevant papers. Forty-two studies with 67 separate interventions (N = 40,665; M age = 26 years; 68% women; 59% Black) were included. Independent raters coded participant characteristics, design and methodological features, and intervention content. Weighted mean effect sizes, using both fixed-effects and random-effects models, were calculated. Potential moderators of intervention efficacy were assessed.
Compared with controls, intervention participants increased their condom use [d+ = 0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.04, 0.29; k = 67], had fewer incident STIs (d+ = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.29; k = 62), including HIV (d+ = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.79; k = 13). Sample (eg, ethnicity) and intervention features (eg, skills training) moderated the efficacy of the intervention.
Behavioral interventions reduce sexual risk behavior and avert STIs and HIV. Translation and widespread dissemination of effective behavioral interventions are needed.
在缺乏有效 HIV 疫苗的情况下，需要采取更安全的性行为措施来避免新的感染。因此，我们研究了行为干预措施在增加 condom 使用和减少性传播感染（包括 HIV）方面的效果。
研究采用随机对照试验或准实验设计，并设有对照组，以检验专注于降低性风险的行为干预措施的效果，并提供计算 condom 使用和任何类型的 STI（包括 HIV）的效果大小所需的信息。
从电子数据库（如 PubMed、PsycINFO）和相关文献的参考文献部分检索研究。共纳入 42 项研究，包含 67 项干预措施（N = 40665；平均年龄 26 岁；68%为女性；59%为黑人）。独立评估者对参与者特征、设计和方法学特征以及干预内容进行编码。使用固定效应和随机效应模型计算加权平均效应大小，并评估干预效果的潜在调节因素。
与对照组相比，干预组参与者 condom 使用增加（d+ = 0.17，95%置信区间 [CI] = 0.04，0.29；k = 67），性传播感染（包括 HIV）减少（d+ = 0.16，95% CI = 0.04，0.29；k = 62）。样本（如种族）和干预特征（如技能培训）调节了干预的效果。
行为干预措施可降低性行为风险行为，避免性传播感染和 HIV。需要翻译和广泛传播有效的行为干预措施。
