Neuburger M, Büttner J
Abteilung für Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin, Ortenau Klinikum, Josef-Wurzler-Strasse 7, Achern, Germany.
Anaesthesist. 2011 Nov;60(11):1014-26. doi: 10.1007/s00101-011-1955-3.
Peripheral regional anesthesia is a commonly used and safe procedure and eneral complications or side effects are generally rare. Nerve damage has an incidence <0.1% depending on the definition and the prognosis is good. To avoid bleeding complications the national standards of block performance under antithrombotic therapy should be respected. Intoxication is mainly the result of accidental intravenous administration and is difficult to treat but higher doses of intravenous lipid emulsions can improve the outcome. Potential infectious complications can occur mainly as a result of catheter techniques and require a strict aseptic approach. Further rare complications are allergies, dislocation of catheters and knotting or loops in catheters. Besides the general complications, there are some specific complications depending on the puncture site, such as pneumothorax or renal puncture.
外周区域麻醉是一种常用且安全的操作,一般并发症或副作用通常很少见。根据定义,神经损伤的发生率<0.1%,且预后良好。为避免出血并发症,应遵循抗血栓治疗下区域阻滞操作的国家标准。中毒主要是意外静脉给药的结果,难以治疗,但高剂量静脉注射脂质乳剂可改善预后。潜在的感染并发症主要可能因导管技术导致,需要严格的无菌操作。其他罕见并发症包括过敏、导管移位以及导管打结或形成环。除了一般并发症外,根据穿刺部位还存在一些特定并发症,如气胸或肾穿刺。