School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, 10 Chittaway Road, Ourimbah, 2258, Australia.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011 Nov 17;12:260. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-12-260.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) represent one of the most common and most expensive occupational health problems in both developed and developing countries. School teachers represent an occupational group among which there appears to be a high prevalence of MSD. Given that causes of MSD have been described as multi-factorial and prevalence rates vary between body sites and location of study, the objective of this systematic review was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for MSD among teaching staff.
The study involved an extensive search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases in 2011. All studies which reported on the prevalence and/or risk factors for MSD in the teaching profession were initially selected for inclusion. Reference lists of articles identified in the original search were then examined for additional publications. Of the 80 articles initially located, a final group of 33 met the inclusion criteria and were examined in detail.
This review suggests that the prevalence of self-reported MSD among school teachers ranges between 39% and 95%. The most prevalent body sites appear to be the back, neck and upper limbs. Nursery school teachers appear to be more likely to report suffering from low back pain. Factors such as gender, age, length of employment and awkward posture have been associated with higher MSD prevalence rates.
Overall, this study suggests that school teachers are at a high risk of MSD. Further research, preferably longitudinal, is required to more thoroughly investigate the issue of MSD among teachers, with a greater emphasis on the possible wider use of ergonomic principles. This would represent a major step forward in the prevention of MSD among teachers, especially if easy to implement control measures could be recommended.
肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）是发达国家和发展中国家最常见和最昂贵的职业健康问题之一。学校教师是职业群体之一，他们似乎患有 MSD 的发病率很高。鉴于 MSD 的原因被描述为多因素的，并且患病率在身体部位和研究地点之间有所不同，因此本系统评价的目的是调查教学人员中 MSD 的患病率和危险因素。
本研究于 2011 年在 MEDLINE 和 EMBASE 数据库中进行了广泛的搜索。最初选择了所有报告教学职业中 MSD 患病率和/或危险因素的研究。然后检查了原始搜索中确定的文章的参考文献列表，以获取其他出版物。在最初确定的 80 篇文章中，最终有 33 篇符合纳入标准并进行了详细检查。
本综述表明，学校教师自我报告的 MSD 患病率在 39％至 95％之间。最常见的身体部位似乎是背部、颈部和上肢。幼儿园教师似乎更容易报告患有腰痛。性别、年龄、工作年限和姿势不当等因素与更高的 MSD 患病率有关。
总的来说，这项研究表明学校教师患 MSD 的风险很高。需要进一步的研究，最好是纵向研究，以更彻底地调查教师中 MSD 的问题，并更加重视可能更广泛地使用人体工程学原理。如果可以推荐易于实施的控制措施，这将是预防教师 MSD 的重大进展。
