School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2011 Dec;21(6):507-14. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.21.6.507.
Adolescent female team-sport athletes are faced with the challenge of meeting nutrition requirements for growth and development, as well as sport performance. There is a paucity of evidence describing the dietary adequacy of this population in respect to these physiological demands. Therefore, the aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the nutrition status of junior elite female soccer athletes.
A total of 33 athletes (15.7 ± 0.7 yr) completed anthropometric assessment, 4-day food records analyzed for macro- and micronutrient intake, and hematological analysis. Energy expenditure was estimated using predictive equations.
Mean sum of 7 skinfolds was 103.1 ± 35.2 mm, and body-mass index was 22.7 ± 2.7. Mean energy intake was 2,079 ± 460 kcal/day, and estimated energy expenditure was 2,546 ± 190 kcal/day. Of the athletes, 51.5% consumed <5g/kg carbohydrate, 27.3% consumed <1.2g/kg protein, and 21.2% consumed <25% of energy intake from fat. A large proportion of athletes did not meet Dietary Reference Intakes for pantothenic acid (54.5%), vitamin D (100%), folate (69.7%), vitamin E (100%), and calcium (66.7%). Compared with recommendations for athletes, 89.3% and 50.0% of participants had depleted iron and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, respectively.
A high proportion of players were not in energy balance, failed to meet carbohydrate and micronutrient recommendations, and presented with depleted iron and vitamin D status. Suboptimal nutrition status may affect soccer performance and physiological growth and development. More research is needed to understand the unique nutrition needs of this population and inform sport nutrition practice and research.
青春期女性团队运动运动员面临着满足生长发育和运动表现所需营养的挑战。关于这一人群在这些生理需求方面的饮食充足性，证据很少。因此，本研究的目的是全面评估初级精英女子足球运动员的营养状况。
共有 33 名运动员（15.7±0.7 岁）完成了人体测量评估、4 天食物记录分析以了解宏量和微量营养素的摄入量以及血液学分析。使用预测方程估计能量消耗。
平均 7 个皮褶厚度为 103.1±35.2mm，体重指数为 22.7±2.7。平均能量摄入量为 2079±460kcal/天，估计能量消耗为 2546±190kcal/天。在运动员中，51.5%的人碳水化合物摄入量<5g/kg，27.3%的人蛋白质摄入量<1.2g/kg，21.2%的人脂肪摄入量<能量摄入的 25%。很大一部分运动员没有达到泛酸（54.5%）、维生素 D（100%）、叶酸（69.7%）、维生素 E（100%）和钙（66.7%）的膳食参考摄入量。与运动员的建议相比，89.3%和 50.0%的参与者分别出现缺铁和 25-羟维生素 D 不足。
相当一部分运动员没有达到能量平衡，没有达到碳水化合物和微量营养素的建议摄入量，存在缺铁和维生素 D 不足的情况。营养状况不佳可能会影响足球表现和生理生长发育。需要进一步研究以了解这一人群的特殊营养需求，并为运动营养实践和研究提供信息。
