Hidalgo y Teran Elizondo Roberto, Martín Bermudo Francisco Manuel, Peñaloza Mendez Ricardo, Berná Amorós Genoveva, Lara Padilla Eleazar, Berral de la Rosa Francisco José
Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional de México..
Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo Olavide..
Nutr Hosp. 2015 Oct 1;32(4):1735-43. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.32.4.8788.
nutritional intake and status of soccer players has attracted not much research attention. Many soccer players follow an inadequate nutritional intake and have a poor nutritional status. This is relevant in youngsters soccer players, in order to improve performance and promote healthy dietary practices.
analyze anthropometric characterizes, evaluate nutritional intake and status, dietary habits and pre- and post-exercise meals in elite teenagers soccer players.
seventy-two young male soccer players (15-20 years) from four junior teams of a soccer Club from the Mexican National Soccer League were measured for height, seat height, weight, 6 skinfolds, 6 diameters and 7 circumferences, height-for-age and BMI-for-age values. Skin, adipose, muscle, bone and residual tissue masses were calculated with the Ross and Kerr equation. Resting energy expenditure and intake was also measured. Daily dietary intake was self-recorded for 4 consecutive days (excluding the match day) using a digital food-weighing scale and a food record questionnaire. Dietary analysis was performed using the NutriBase 7 Clinical software. Several biochemical values were determined. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc testing was performed using t-tests with a Bonferroni correction.
all soccer players were within the normal range values for anthropometric parameters studies, when compared with other adolescent elite soccer teams. Values of plasma glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, lipid profile and total proteins were within normal range for young adult population, although albumin levels were high. Moreover, 14% and 20% of soccer players presented hyperuricemia and elevated total cholesterol levels respectively. Energy expenditure and intake were within normal range for all teenager elite soccer players. However, two teams shower significant lower intakes than demands. All macronutrient intakes were within recommendations, except protein that was higher. Micronutrient intake exceeded the recommendations for general population. Soccer players had pre- and post-exercise meals with an appropriate range of carbohydrates. Food intake was mainly based on cereals, derivatives and potatoes; meat, poultry, fish, shellfish and eggs and biscuits and confectionery and poor in fruit, vegetables and milk and dairy products.
the population of soccer players did not have optimal nutritional habits. However, their nutritional intake and status was better than in other published studies. The main problems of these teams were that they had a high protein diet and that in some teams the nutritional intake was not enough to cover the demands. Finally, nutritional intake was found to be of poor quality. Thus, we recommend nutritional education for soccer players of these teams.
足球运动员的营养摄入和状况并未引起太多研究关注。许多足球运动员营养摄入不足，营养状况不佳。这对于青少年足球运动员来说很重要，以便提高表现并促进健康的饮食习惯。
分析精英青少年足球运动员的人体测量特征，评估营养摄入和状况、饮食习惯以及运动前后的饮食。
对来自墨西哥国家足球联赛一家足球俱乐部四个青年队的72名年轻男性足球运动员（15 - 20岁）测量身高、坐高、体重、6处皮褶厚度、6处直径和7处周长、年龄别身高和年龄别体重指数值。使用罗斯和克尔方程计算皮肤、脂肪、肌肉、骨骼和剩余组织质量。还测量静息能量消耗和摄入量。使用数字食物秤和食物记录问卷连续4天（不包括比赛日）自行记录每日饮食摄入量。使用NutriBase 7临床软件进行饮食分析。测定了多个生化值。使用带有邦费罗尼校正的t检验进行单因素方差分析（ANOVA）和事后检验。
与其他青少年精英足球队相比，所有足球运动员的人体测量参数研究值均在正常范围内。血浆葡萄糖、尿素、肌酐、尿酸、血脂谱和总蛋白的值对于年轻成年人来说在正常范围内，尽管白蛋白水平较高。此外，分别有14%和20%的足球运动员出现高尿酸血症和总胆固醇水平升高。所有青少年精英足球运动员的能量消耗和摄入量均在正常范围内。然而，有两个队的摄入量明显低于需求量。除了蛋白质摄入量较高外，所有宏量营养素摄入量均在推荐范围内。微量营养素摄入量超过了一般人群的推荐量。足球运动员运动前后的饮食中碳水化合物含量在适当范围内。食物摄入主要基于谷物、衍生物和土豆；肉类、家禽、鱼类、贝类和蛋类以及饼干和糖果，而水果、蔬菜以及牛奶和乳制品摄入较少。
足球运动员群体没有最佳的营养习惯。然而，他们的营养摄入和状况比其他已发表的研究要好。这些球队的主要问题是他们的蛋白质饮食较高，并且在一些球队中营养摄入不足以满足需求。最后，发现营养摄入质量较差。因此，我们建议对这些球队的足球运动员进行营养教育。
