Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Kinesiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
Department of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada.
Nutrients. 2017 Nov 21;9(11):1266. doi: 10.3390/nu9111266.
Dietary intakes and supplement use in Paralympic athletes remains largely unexplored, and specialized recommendations are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate nutrient intakes and supplement use in high-performance athletes with physical disabilities using three-day food records and a validated dietary supplement use questionnaire. A secondary aim examined gender differences in nutrient and supplement intakes. Male ( = 18) and female ( = 22) athletes were recruited from nine Paralympic sports through sporting organizations, coaches, and social media. Athletes generally met able-bodied recommendations for macronutrients. Male and female athletes often failed to meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) or Adequate Intake (AI) for vitamin D, vitamin E, pantothenic acid, magnesium, and potassium. On average, females did not meet the RDA for iron and calcium, whereas males did not meet the RDA for vitamin A and folate. Commonly consumed supplements were vitamin D, protein powder, sport bars, and sport drinks. Analysis of diet and supplement use within this population shows several micronutrient deficiencies and irregular use of specific supplements. Athlete support and education is required to optimize nutrition in Paralympic athletes.
残奥会运动员的饮食摄入和补充剂使用在很大程度上仍未得到充分探索，缺乏专门的建议。本研究旨在通过三天的食物记录和经过验证的补充剂使用问卷评估身体残疾的高水平运动员的营养素摄入和补充剂使用情况。次要目的是检查营养素和补充剂摄入的性别差异。通过体育组织、教练和社交媒体，从九项残奥会运动中招募了男性（=18）和女性（=22）运动员。运动员通常满足了宏量营养素的健全人建议。男性和女性运动员经常未能达到推荐的膳食允许量（RDA）或可接受的摄入量（AI），用于维生素 D、维生素 E、泛酸、镁和钾。平均而言，女性未能达到铁和钙的 RDA，而男性未能达到维生素 A 和叶酸的 RDA。常用的补充剂包括维生素 D、蛋白粉、运动棒和运动饮料。对该人群的饮食和补充剂使用情况进行分析，发现了一些微量营养素缺乏和特定补充剂的不规则使用。需要对运动员进行支持和教育，以优化残奥会运动员的营养。
