Psychology Department, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2012 Feb;19(1):135-8. doi: 10.3758/s13423-011-0187-5.
Previous studies have suggested that the effects of extinction are response-specific. The present study investigated whether an extinction treatment that eliminated goal tracking elicited by an appetitive conditioned stimulus (CS) would also eliminate the conditioned reinforcing effects of that CS. Rats were first trained on a goal-tracking procedure in which an auditory CS was paired with a food unconditioned stimulus. Animals learned to approach the location where the food was delivered. In a subsequent phase, rats in one group received extinction training that eliminated the goal-tracking elicited by the CS. Rats in the other group did not experience extinction of the food-paired CS. Then, both groups received a test for conditioned reinforcement in which leverpresses resulted in the brief presentation of the stimulus previously paired with food. This stimulus did not act as a conditioned reinforcer in the group that had been subjected to extinction training, but did serve as a conditioned reinforcer in the group that did not experience extinction. These results indicate that the effects of extinction generalize from the approach-eliciting to the conditioned reinforcing effects of an appetitive CS.
先前的研究表明，消退的效果是特定于反应的。本研究调查了消除消除由奖赏性条件刺激（CS）引起的目标跟踪的消退处理是否也会消除该 CS 的条件强化作用。首先，老鼠在目标跟踪程序中接受训练，其中听觉 CS 与食物无条件刺激配对。动物学会接近食物被输送的位置。在随后的阶段，一组老鼠接受了消除 CS 引起的目标跟踪的消退训练。另一组老鼠没有经历过与食物配对的 CS 的消退。然后，两组老鼠都接受了条件强化测试，其中压杆会导致短暂呈现之前与食物配对的刺激。在接受消退训练的组中，该刺激不能作为条件强化物，但在未经历消退的组中，该刺激可作为条件强化物。这些结果表明，消退的效果从目标引发的效果泛化到了奖赏性 CS 的条件强化效果。
