Denham S A, McKinley M, Couchoud E A, Holt R
Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030.
Child Dev. 1990 Aug;61(4):1145-52.
It was predicted that social cognitive, behavioral, and affective aspects of young children's social development would predict stable peer ratings of their likability. Measures of likability, emotion knowledge, prosocial and aggressive behavior, peer competence, and expressed emotions (happy and angry) were obtained for 65 subjects (mean age = 44 months). Sociometric ratings, particularly negative, were stable over 1- and 9-month time periods. Correlational analyses showed that emotion knowledge and prosocial behavior were direct predictors of likability. Prosocial behavior mediated the relations of gender and expressed emotions with likability (i.e., gender and expressed emotions were each related to prosocial behavior, and prosocial behavior was related to likability, but neither gender nor expressed emotions were related to likability with prosocial behavior partialled out). Knowledge of emotional situations similarly mediated the age-likability relation. Results uphold the early development of stable peer reputations and the hypothesized centrality of emotion-related predictors of likability.
据预测，幼儿社会发展的社会认知、行为和情感方面将预测其受欢迎程度的稳定同伴评分。对65名受试者（平均年龄 = 44个月）进行了受欢迎程度、情绪知识、亲社会和攻击性行为、同伴能力以及表达情绪（快乐和愤怒）的测量。社会测量评分，特别是负面评分，在1个月和9个月的时间段内是稳定的。相关分析表明，情绪知识和亲社会行为是受欢迎程度的直接预测因素。亲社会行为介导了性别和表达情绪与受欢迎程度之间的关系（即，性别和表达情绪各自与亲社会行为相关，亲社会行为与受欢迎程度相关，但在排除亲社会行为的情况下，性别和表达情绪均与受欢迎程度无关）。对情绪情境的了解同样介导了年龄与受欢迎程度之间的关系。研究结果支持了同伴声誉稳定性的早期发展以及假设的与情绪相关的受欢迎程度预测因素的核心地位。
