Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2012 Mar;79(3):709-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01251.x. Epub 2011 Dec 6.
Lagrangian studies of virus activity in pelagic environments over extended temporal scales are rare. To address this, viruses and bacteria were examined during the course of a natural phytoplankton bloom in the pelagic South Pacific Ocean east of New Zealand. Daily samples were collected in a mesoscale eddy from year days 263-278 (September 19th-October 4th, 2008). The productive bloom transitioned from a diatom to a pico- and nanoplankton-dominated system, resulting in chlorophyll a concentrations up to 2.43 μg L(-1) . Virus abundances fluctuated c. 10-fold (1.8 × 10(10) -1.3 × 10(11) L(-1) ) over 16 days. The production rates of virus particles were high compared with those reported in other marine systems, ranging from 1.4 × 10(10) to 2.1 × 10(11) L(-1) day(-1) . Our observations suggest viruses contributed significantly to the mortality of bacteria throughout the bloom, with 19-216% of the bacterial standing stock being lysed daily. This mortality released nutrient elements (N, Fe) that likely helped sustain the bloom through the sampling period. Parametric analyses found significant correlations with both biotic (e.g. potential host abundances) and abiotic parameters (e.g. nutrient concentrations, temperature). These observations demonstrate that viruses may be critical in the extended maintenance of regeneration-driven biological production.
在较长的时间尺度上对海洋浮游环境中病毒活性进行拉格朗日研究很少见。为了解决这个问题，在新西兰东部的南太平洋浮游环境中，对病毒和细菌进行了研究。在一个中尺度涡流中，每天从年日 263-278（2008 年 9 月 19 日至 10 月 4 日）采集样本。从硅藻为主的系统到微微和纳米浮游生物为主的系统的生产力爆发，导致叶绿素 a 浓度高达 2.43 μg L(-1)。病毒丰度在 16 天内波动约 10 倍（1.8×10(10) -1.3×10(11) L(-1)）。病毒粒子的生产速率与其他海洋系统相比很高，范围从 1.4×10(10)到 2.1×10(11) L(-1) day(-1)。我们的观察表明，病毒在整个爆发过程中对细菌的死亡率有很大贡献，每天有 19-216%的细菌存量被裂解。这种死亡率释放出营养元素（N、Fe），这可能有助于在采样期间维持爆发。参数分析发现与生物（例如潜在宿主丰度）和非生物参数（例如营养浓度、温度）都有显著相关性。这些观察表明，病毒在延长再生驱动的生物生产力维持中可能是至关重要的。
