Marine Scotland Science Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
Epidemics. 2011 Sep;3(3-4):171-82. doi: 10.1016/j.epidem.2011.10.002. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
Disease is a major constraint on animal production and welfare in agriculture and aquaculture. Movement of animals between farms is one of the most significant routes of disease transmission and is particularly hard to control for pathogens with subclinical infection. Renibacterium salmoninarum causes bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, but infection is often sub-clinical and may go undetected with major potential implications for disease control programmes. A Susceptible-Infected model of R. salmoninarum in Scottish aquaculture has been developed that subdivides the infected phase between known and undetected sub-clinically infected farms and diseased farms whose status is assumed to be known. Farms officially known to be infected are subject to movement controls restricting spread of infection. Model results are sensitive to prevalence of undetected infection, which is unknown. However, the modelling suggests that controls that reduce BKD prevalence include improve biosecurity on farms, including those not known to be infected, and improved detection of infection. Culling appears of little value for BKD control. BKD prevalence for rainbow trout farms is less sensitive to controls than it is for Atlantic salmon farms and so different management strategies may be required for the sectors.
疾病是农业和水产养殖业中动物生产和福利的主要制约因素。动物在农场之间的移动是疾病传播的最重要途径之一，对于具有亚临床感染的病原体尤其难以控制。鲑鱼弧菌引起鲑鱼的细菌性肾病（BKD），但感染通常是亚临床的，可能无法检测到，这对疾病控制计划有重大潜在影响。在苏格兰水产养殖中已经开发出了一种鲑鱼弧菌易感-感染模型，该模型将感染阶段细分为已知和未检测到的亚临床感染农场和假定已知发病的农场。官方已知感染的农场受到限制感染传播的移动控制。模型结果对未知的未检测到的感染流行率敏感。然而，建模表明，减少 BKD 流行率的控制措施包括改善农场的生物安全，包括那些未被感染的农场，以及改善感染的检测。扑杀对于 BKD 控制几乎没有价值。虹鳟养殖场的 BKD 流行率对控制措施的敏感性低于大西洋鲑养殖场，因此这两个部门可能需要不同的管理策略。
