Bruno David W
FRS Marine Laboratory, PO Box 101, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2004 May 5;59(2):125-30. doi: 10.3354/dao059125.
Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) is a notifiable disease for salmonids under United Kingdom and European Union legislation. Within the UK, legislation and the control of infected fish with BKD has been operating for 25 yr. Infection by the bacterium Renibacterium salmoninarum results in a chronic, debilitating infection and mortality. Records of BKD outbreaks and the detection of R. salmoninarum were monitored from 1990 through to 2002 for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss reared in Scottish waters. The test methods included ELISA, culture and light microscopy. New outbreaks of BKD in salmon in seawater declined during this period, but with year-to-year variation. Only 1 record of BKD has occurred in freshwater-reared salmon (prevalence 1.04). BKD in farmed rainbow trout in seawater is uncommon and was only identified in 1993 and between 1998 and 2000. The number of active designated area orders (DAOs) for outbreaks in salmon has fallen since 1990, but has remained relatively constant for trout over the period of study.
根据英国和欧盟的立法，细菌性肾病（BKD）是鲑科鱼类的一种应通报疾病。在英国，针对BKD感染鱼类的立法和管控措施已实施了25年。鲑肾杆菌感染会导致慢性、使人衰弱的感染和死亡。对1990年至2002年期间在苏格兰水域养殖的大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）和虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）的BKD疫情记录以及鲑肾杆菌的检测情况进行了监测。检测方法包括酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）、培养和光学显微镜检查。在此期间，海水中养殖的鲑鱼的BKD新疫情有所下降，但存在逐年波动。淡水养殖的鲑鱼中仅出现过1次BKD记录（患病率为1.04）。海水养殖的养殖虹鳟中的BKD并不常见，仅在1993年以及1998年至2000年期间被发现。自1990年以来，针对鲑鱼疫情的现行指定区域命令（DAO）数量有所下降，但在研究期间，鳟鱼的该数量保持相对稳定。
