Prevalence and diagnosis of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in Scotland between 1990 and 2002.

Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) is a notifiable disease for salmonids under United Kingdom and European Union legislation. Within the UK, legislation and the control of infected fish with BKD has been operating for 25 yr. Infection by the bacterium Renibacterium salmoninarum results in a chronic, debilitating infection and mortality. Records of BKD outbreaks and the detection of R. salmoninarum were monitored from 1990 through to 2002 for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss reared in Scottish waters. The test methods included ELISA, culture and light microscopy. New outbreaks of BKD in salmon in seawater declined during this period, but with year-to-year variation. Only 1 record of BKD has occurred in freshwater-reared salmon (prevalence 1.04). BKD in farmed rainbow trout in seawater is uncommon and was only identified in 1993 and between 1998 and 2000. The number of active designated area orders (DAOs) for outbreaks in salmon has fallen since 1990, but has remained relatively constant for trout over the period of study.