营养风险：评估的文化层面

Nutrition risk: cultural aspects of assessment.

作者信息

Wham Carol A, Dyall Lorna, Teh Ruth Oy, Kerse Ngaire M

机构信息

Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.

出版信息

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(4):632-8.

PMID:22094850

Abstract

AIM

To assess a nutrition risk screening tool amongst Maori and non-Maori of advanced age.

METHOD

A cross sectional feasibility study was conducted in three North Island locations. One hundred and eight community-living residents aged 75- 85 years were assessed for nutrition risk using 'the validated questionnaire 'Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition', Version II (SCREENII) and level of physical activity using the 'Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly' (PASE). Physical assessments included height and weight.

RESULTS

Fifty-two percent of participants were assessed to be at high nutrition risk (SCREENII score <50; range 29-58; out of maximum score 64). Nutrition risk factors amongst Maori and non-Maori respectively differed for weight change in the previous six months (45.2% and 18.7%, p=0.005), skipping meals (54.8% and 13.3%, p<0.001), fruit and vegetable intake (77.4% and 18.7%, p<0.001) and the use of meal replacements (28.1% and 9.3%, p=0.013). Process evaluation showed that Maori took different meaning from the individual question items in SCREENII. Level of physical activity (PASE score) was higher for Maori, median (IQR): 125 (74) than non-Maori, 72 (74) (p<0.001) especially for leisure-time and household related activity. BMI was higher for Maori median (IQR): 31.5 kg/m2 (6.8) compared to non-Maori 24.7 kg/m2 (5.4) (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The nutrition risk tool suggested that Maori were at high risk for malnutrition despite higher BMI and higher levels of activity. Several items of the screening tool were interpreted differently among Maori compared to non-Maori. Further development is needed to ensure accurate assessment.

摘要

目的

评估一种针对高龄毛利人和非毛利人的营养风险筛查工具。

方法

在北岛的三个地点进行了一项横断面可行性研究。使用“经过验证的问卷《社区老年人：饮食与营养风险评估》第二版（SCREENII）”对108名年龄在75至85岁的社区居民进行营养风险评估，并使用“老年人身体活动量表”（PASE）评估身体活动水平。身体评估包括身高和体重。

结果

52%的参与者被评估为高营养风险（SCREENII评分<50；范围29 - 58；满分64分）。毛利人和非毛利人的营养风险因素在过去六个月的体重变化（45.2%和18.7%，p = 0.005）、不吃饭（54.8%和13.3%，p<0.001）、水果和蔬菜摄入量（77.4%和18.7%，p<0.001）以及使用代餐（28.1%和9.3%，p = 0.013）方面存在差异。过程评估表明，毛利人对SCREENII中各个问题项的理解不同。毛利人的身体活动水平（PASE评分）较高，中位数（四分位间距）：125（74），高于非毛利人，72（74）（p<0.001），尤其是在休闲时间和与家务相关的活动方面。毛利人的BMI较高，中位数（四分位间距）：31.5 kg/m²（6.8），而非毛利人为24.7 kg/m²（5.4）（p<0.001）。