University of Granada, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2011 Dec;8(12):1589-608. doi: 10.1517/17425247.2012.634794.
Recent advances in nanoparticle synthesis engineering have made it possible to combine disease diagnosis and therapy. This progress could help to open the door to 'personalized' medicines.
This review highlights the significant applications of theragnostic nanoparticles in therapy. The basic elements to be included in the formulation of theragnostic nanotools are briefly compiled and explained. Special attention is given to the analysis of current formulation strategies from case studies in the literature published after 2000 for simultaneous selective disease imaging and efficient image-guided drug (gene) delivery. This contribution provides a systematic overview of important features in the formulation of theragnostic nanoparticulate systems. Special insight is given to the introduction of passive and active targeting concepts in the engineering of such multifunctional nanoplatforms to gain control of their biological fate.
Theragnostic nanotechnologies will optimize the way of delivering therapeutic and imaging molecules to disease sites; as a consequence, combined selective diagnosis and effective pharmacotherapy could be used in unison to combat severe diseases. Nanotoxicity investigations, which illustrate the risks of toxicity/immunogenicity associated with the use of such nanoplatforms, will determine their introduction into the clinic.
纳米颗粒合成工程的最新进展使得将疾病诊断和治疗相结合成为可能。这一进展可能有助于开启“个性化”药物的大门。
本文重点介绍了诊断治疗纳米粒子在治疗中的重要应用。简要编译并解释了治疗性纳米工具配方中应包含的基本要素。特别关注分析 2000 年后文献中报道的案例研究中的当前配方策略，以实现对疾病的选择性同时成像和高效的图像引导药物（基因）传递。本文对诊断治疗纳米颗粒系统配方中的重要特征进行了系统综述。特别介绍了在这种多功能纳米平台的工程中引入被动和主动靶向概念，以控制其生物学命运。
诊断治疗纳米技术将优化将治疗和成像分子递送至疾病部位的方式；因此，联合选择性诊断和有效药物治疗可以协同用于治疗严重疾病。纳米毒性研究说明了使用此类纳米平台相关的毒性/免疫原性风险，这将决定它们是否能够引入临床应用。
