Pediatric Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2012 Feb;125(2):147-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01797.x. Epub 2011 Nov 19.
This study sought to examine the age-dependent persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its predictors in a large sample of girls with and without ADHD followed prospectively for 11 years into young adulthood.
Participants were girls with (N=96) and without (N=91) ADHD and were 6-17 years old at the baseline assessment (mean age, 11 years) and 15-30 years old at the follow-up assessment (mean: 22 years). Participants were comprehensively and blindly assessed with structured diagnostic interviews and assessments of cognitive, social, school, and family functioning.
At the 11-year follow-up, 33.3% met full criteria for ADHD, 29.2% showed partial persistence of the disorder, 10.4% had impaired functioning, and 4.2% were remitted but treated (77.1% of the sample). Predictors of persistence were psychiatric comorbidity, family history of psychopathology, and family and school functioning at baseline.
These long-term, prospective, follow-up findings extend to girls findings that ADHD is persistent over the long term and can be predicted from psychosocial adversity and psychiatric comorbidity ascertained 11 years earlier.
本研究旨在通过对 96 名患有 ADHD 的女孩和 91 名无 ADHD 的女孩进行前瞻性随访 11 年至成年早期，考察 ADHD 在该大样本女孩中随年龄增长的持续性及其预测因素。
参与者为基线评估时（平均年龄 11 岁）年龄为 6-17 岁的 ADHD 女孩（N=96）和非 ADHD 女孩（N=91），以及随访评估时（平均年龄 22 岁）年龄为 15-30 岁的女孩。采用结构化诊断访谈和认知、社会、学校和家庭功能评估，对参与者进行全面和盲法评估。
在 11 年的随访中，33.3%的人符合 ADHD 的全部标准，29.2%的人表现出该疾病的部分持续性，10.4%的人存在功能受损，4.2%的人虽缓解但仍在接受治疗（占样本的 77.1%）。持续性的预测因素包括精神病共病、精神病史和基线时的家庭和学校功能。
这些长期的、前瞻性的随访结果扩展到女孩群体，表明 ADHD 具有长期持续性，并可根据 11 年前确定的社会心理逆境和精神共病进行预测。
