Vedrenne N, Coulomb B, Danigo A, Bonté F, Desmoulière A
EA 3842, département de physiologie, faculté de pharmacie, université de Limoges, institut fédératif de recherche 145, 87025 Limoges, France.
Pathol Biol (Paris). 2012 Feb;60(1):20-7. doi: 10.1016/j.patbio.2011.10.002. Epub 2011 Nov 17.
The fibroblasts and the myofibroblasts are key players for maintaining skin homeostasis and for orchestrating physiological tissue repair. The (myo)fibroblasts are embedded in a sophisticated extracellular matrix (ECM) that they secrete, and a complex and interactive dialogue exists between (myo)fibroblasts and their microenvironment. The composition of the ECM around (myo)fibroblasts is variable depending on the situation and, in addition to the secretion of the ECM, the (myo)fibroblasts, by secreting matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases can remodel this ECM. The (myo)fibroblasts and their microenvironment form a changing network with reciprocal actions leading to cell differentiation, proliferation, quiescence or apoptosis, and also acting on growth factor biodisponibility. In pathological situations (such as chronic wounds or excessive scarring), or during ageing, especially due to ultraviolet exposition, this dialogue between the (myo)fibroblasts and their microenvironment is disrupted, leading to repair defects or to skin injuries with unaesthetic alterations such as wrinkles. Knowing the intimate exchanges between the (myo)fibroblasts and their microenvironment represents a fascinating domain important not only for characterizing new targets and drugs able to prevent pathological developments but also for interfering with skin alterations observed during ageing.
成纤维细胞和肌成纤维细胞是维持皮肤稳态以及协调生理性组织修复的关键参与者。（肌）成纤维细胞嵌入在它们所分泌的复杂细胞外基质（ECM）中，并且（肌）成纤维细胞与其微环境之间存在复杂的相互作用。（肌）成纤维细胞周围ECM的组成因情况而异，除了ECM的分泌外，（肌）成纤维细胞通过分泌基质金属蛋白酶和金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂可以重塑这种ECM。（肌）成纤维细胞及其微环境形成一个不断变化的网络，通过相互作用导致细胞分化、增殖、静止或凋亡，并且还作用于生长因子的生物利用度。在病理情况（如慢性伤口或过度瘢痕形成）下，或在衰老过程中，特别是由于紫外线照射，（肌）成纤维细胞与其微环境之间的这种对话被破坏，导致修复缺陷或出现诸如皱纹等不美观改变的皮肤损伤。了解（肌）成纤维细胞与其微环境之间的密切相互作用是一个引人入胜的领域，不仅对于确定能够预防病理发展的新靶点和药物很重要，而且对于干预衰老过程中观察到的皮肤改变也很重要。
