Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011 Dec 1;36(25 Suppl):S180-6. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182387d98.
Review of peer-reviewed literature.
Outline the effects of neck and cervical spine morphology on soft tissue injury Potential during low velocity automotive rear impacts.
Automotive rear impacts are mechanical events and the response of the human head-neck complex can be thought of in biomechanical terms. This manuscript reviews evidence from peer-reviewed studies implicating occupant-related factors in the onset and severity of cervical spine soft-tissue injury.
Effects of anatomical characteristics, head-neck and spine orientation, facet joints, and neck muscles were reviewed.
On the basis of existing biomechanically based research, the following occupant-related characteristics can influence the response of the cervical spine during automotive rear impacts: anatomical dimensions of the cervical spine, head-neck and cervical spine orientation at the time of impact, facet joint orientation, and neck muscle size and orientation.
The response of the cervical spine to rear impacts can be described using biomechanical concepts. This review has identified occupant-related factors that can influence injury susceptibility and cited biomechanically related research to outline the method by which those factors affect the overall head-neck and cervical spine response in such a way as to increase the susceptibility or severity of injury for a given rear impact event.
同行评议文献回顾。
概述在低速汽车追尾碰撞中，颈部和颈椎形态对软组织损伤潜力的影响。
汽车追尾碰撞是机械事件，人体头颈部复合体的反应可以用生物力学术语来描述。本文综述了同行评议研究中涉及与乘员相关因素在颈椎软组织损伤的发生和严重程度中的证据。
回顾了解剖特征、头颈部和脊柱方向、关节突关节以及颈部肌肉的影响。
基于现有的基于生物力学的研究，以下与乘员相关的特征可能会影响汽车追尾碰撞时颈椎的反应：颈椎的解剖尺寸、碰撞时头颈部和颈椎的方向、关节突关节的方向以及颈部肌肉的大小和方向。
颈椎对追尾碰撞的反应可以用生物力学概念来描述。本综述确定了与乘员相关的因素，这些因素可能会影响受伤的易感性，并引用了生物力学相关的研究，概述了这些因素影响整体头颈部和颈椎反应的方式，从而增加特定追尾碰撞事件中受伤的易感性或严重程度。
