Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, Geesthacht, Germany.
Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Jan 3;46(1):259-67. doi: 10.1021/es202655k. Epub 2011 Dec 7.
Surface seawater and marine boundary layer air samples were collected on the ice-breaker R/V Xuelong (Snow Dragon) from the East China Sea to the high Arctic (33.23-84.5° N) in July to September 2010 and have been analyzed for six current-use pesticides (CUPs): trifluralin, endosulfan, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, dacthal, and dicofol. In all oceanic air samples, the six CUPs were detected, showing highest level (>100 pg/m(3)) in the Sea of Japan. Gaseous CUPs basically decreased from East Asia (between 36.6 and 45.1° N) toward Bering and Chukchi Seas. The dissolved CUPs in ocean water ranged widely from <MDL to 111 pg/L. Latitudinal trends of α-endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and dicofol in seawater were roughly consistent with their latitudinal trends in air. Trifluralin in seawater was relatively high in the Sea of Japan (35.2° N) and evenly distributed between 36.9 and 72.5° N, but it remained below the detection limit at the highest northern latitudes in Chukchi Sea. In contrast with other CUPs, concentrations of chlorothalonil and dacthal were more abundant in Chukchi Sea and in East Asia. The air-sea gas exchange of CUPs was generally dominated by net deposition. Latitudinal trends of fugacity ratios of α-endosulfan, chlorothalonil, and dacthal showed stronger deposition of these compounds in East Asia than in Chukchi Sea, while trifluralin showed stronger deposition in Chukchi Sea (-455 ± 245 pg/m(2)/day) than in the North Pacific (-241 ± 158 pg/m(2)/day). Air-sea gas exchange of chlorpyrifos varied from net volatilizaiton in East Asia (<40° N) to equilibrium or net deposition in the North Pacific and the Arctic.
采集了 2010 年 7 月至 9 月间“雪龙”号破冰船从东海到北极地区（33.23-84.5° N）的表层海水和海洋边界层空气样本，分析了 6 种目前使用的农药（CUPs）：氟乐灵、硫丹、百菌清、毒死蜱、敌枯双和三氯杀螨醇。在所有海洋空气样本中，均检测到了这 6 种 CUPs，在日本海含量最高（>100 pg/m(3)）。气态 CUPs 基本从东亚（36.6-45.1° N）向白令海和楚科奇海递减。海水中溶解态 CUPs 的浓度范围很广，从<MDL 到 111 pg/L。海水中 α-硫丹、毒死蜱和三氯杀螨醇的纬度分布趋势与它们在空气中的分布趋势大致一致。海水中氟乐灵的浓度在日本海（35.2° N）较高，在 36.9-72.5° N 之间均匀分布，但在楚科奇海的最高纬度仍低于检测限。与其他 CUPs 相比，百菌清和敌枯双在楚科奇海和东亚的浓度更高。CUPs 的气-海气体交换通常以净沉积为主。α-硫丹、百菌清和敌枯双的逸度比纬度分布趋势表明，这些化合物在东亚的沉积量大于楚科奇海，而氟乐灵在楚科奇海的沉积量（-455 ± 245 pg/m(2)/天）大于北太平洋（-241 ± 158 pg/m(2)/天）。在东亚（<40° N），毒死蜱的气-海气体交换为净挥发，而在北太平洋和北极地区为平衡或净沉积。
