Nutrition and Child Health Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
Obes Rev. 2012 Apr;13(4):329-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00953.x. Epub 2011 Nov 23.
During the last decades, eating out of home (OH) has gained importance in the diets worldwide. We document the nutritional characteristics of eating OH and its associations with energy intake, dietary quality and socioeconomic status. We carried out a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies in eight databases up to 10 March 2011. Of the 7,319 studies retrieved, 29 met the inclusion criteria and were analysed in this review. The quality of the data was assessed and a sensitivity analysis was conducted by isolating nationally representative or large cohort data from 6 and 11 countries, respectively. OH foods were important sources of energy in all age groups and their energy contribution increased in adolescents and young adults. Eating OH was associated with a higher total energy intake, energy contribution from fat in the daily diet and higher socioeconomic status. Two large studies showed how eating OH was also associated with a lower intake of micronutrients, particularly vitamin C, Ca and Fe. Although the studies were cross-sectional and heterogeneous in the way they classified eating OH, we conclude that eating OH is a risk factor for higher energy and fat intake and lower micronutrient intake.
在过去几十年中，外出就餐（OH）在全球饮食中变得越来越重要。我们记录了 OH 的营养特点及其与能量摄入、饮食质量和社会经济地位的关系。我们在八个数据库中进行了一项针对同行评审研究的系统综述，截至 2011 年 3 月 10 日。在检索到的 7319 项研究中，有 29 项符合纳入标准，并在本综述中进行了分析。我们评估了数据的质量，并通过分别从 6 个和 11 个国家中提取具有全国代表性或大型队列的数据进行了敏感性分析。OH 食品是所有年龄段人群的重要能量来源，其能量贡献在青少年和年轻人中增加。外出就餐与更高的总能量摄入、日常饮食中脂肪的能量贡献以及更高的社会经济地位有关。两项大型研究表明，外出就餐与微量营养素摄入较低也有关，特别是维生素 C、Ca 和 Fe。尽管这些研究是横断面的，并且在分类外出就餐方面存在异质性，但我们的结论是，外出就餐是能量和脂肪摄入增加以及微量营养素摄入减少的一个风险因素。
