Philipps University of Marburg, Department of Psychology, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2012 Apr;38(4):477-90. doi: 10.1177/0146167211429747. Epub 2011 Nov 22.
Intergroup contact is among the most effective ways to improve intergroup attitudes. Research examining whether the effects of contact are contingent on individual differences is limited, however. The authors test a dual process model perspective of individual differences in contact and prejudice. Their model predicts that intergroup contact should be particularly effective for people high in right-wing authoritarianism, but not those high in social dominance orientation, because these ideological attitudes are driven by different underlying motivational goals. The authors confirm these hypotheses in longitudinal (N = 805) and cross-sectional (N = 1,343) national probability samples. They also isolate perceived social threat, but not competitive threat, as a mediator for the interaction of right-wing authoritarianism and contact on prejudice. The authors elaborate on the individual difference mechanisms that facilitate and inhibit the effects of intergroup contact on prejudice and discuss how these relations may depend on contextual factors and the varying functions of prejudice.
群体间接触是改善群体间态度最有效的方法之一。然而，目前关于检验接触效果是否取决于个体差异的研究还很有限。作者从接触和偏见的个体差异的双重过程模型视角进行了检验。他们的模型预测，对于右翼独裁主义程度高的人来说，群体间接触应该特别有效，但对于社会支配倾向程度高的人来说则不然，因为这些意识形态态度是由不同的潜在动机目标驱动的。作者在纵向（N=805）和横断面（N=1343）全国概率抽样中证实了这些假设。他们还发现，感知到的社会威胁而不是竞争威胁，是右翼独裁主义和接触对偏见的相互作用的中介。作者详细阐述了促进和抑制群体间接触对偏见影响的个体差异机制，并讨论了这些关系如何取决于情境因素和偏见的不同功能。
