Duckitt John
Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2006 May;32(5):684-96. doi: 10.1177/0146167205284282.
A dual-process model of individual differences in prejudice proneness proposes that Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) will influence prejudice against particular outgroups through different motivational mechanisms. RWA should cause negative attitudes toward groups seen as threatening social control, order, cohesion, and stability, such as deviant groups, and negativity toward these groups should be mediated through perceived threat from them. SDO should cause negative attitudes toward groups that activate competitiveness over relative dominance and superiority, such as socially subordinate groups low in power and status, and negativity toward these groups should be mediated through competitiveness toward them. Findings from four student samples that assessed attitudes toward seven social groups selected as likely to vary systematically in social threat and social subordination supported these predictions. The findings have implications for reconciling intergroup and individual difference explanations of prejudice and for interventions to reduce prejudice.
一种关于偏见倾向个体差异的双过程模型提出，右翼威权主义（RWA）和社会支配取向（SDO）将通过不同的动机机制影响对特定外群体的偏见。RWA应该导致对被视为威胁社会控制、秩序、凝聚力和稳定性的群体，如越轨群体，产生消极态度，而对这些群体的消极态度应该通过对它们的感知威胁来介导。SDO应该导致对引发相对支配和优越感竞争的群体，如权力和地位较低的社会从属群体，产生消极态度，而对这些群体的消极态度应该通过对它们的竞争来介导。来自四个学生样本的研究结果评估了对七个被选为在社会威胁和社会从属方面可能有系统差异的社会群体的态度，支持了这些预测。这些发现对于调和群体间和个体差异对偏见的解释以及减少偏见的干预措施具有启示意义。
