DeWitt Jamie C, Peden-Adams Margie M, Keller Jennifer M, Germolec Dori R
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA.
Toxicol Pathol. 2012;40(2):300-11. doi: 10.1177/0192623311428473. Epub 2011 Nov 22.
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are environmentally widespread, persistent, and bioaccumulative chemicals with multiple toxicities reported in experimental models and wildlife, including immunomodulation. The two most commonly detected compounds, which also generally occur in the highest concentrations in environmentally exposed organisms, are perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). PFOA and PFOS have been reported to alter inflammatory responses, production of cytokines, and adaptive and innate immune responses in rodent models, avian models, reptilian models, and mammalian and nonmammalian wildlife. Mounting evidence suggests that immune effects in laboratory animal models occur at serum concentrations below, within the reported range, or just above those reported for highly exposed humans and wildlife. Thus, the risk of immune effects for humans and wildlife exposed to PFCs cannot be discounted, especially when bioaccumulation and exposure to multiple PFCs are considered. This review contains brief descriptions of current and recently published work exploring immunomodulation by PFOA, PFOS, and other PFCs in rodent models, alternative laboratory models, and wildlife.
全氟化合物（PFCs）在环境中广泛存在，具有持久性且可生物累积，在实验模型和野生动物中已报告具有多种毒性，包括免疫调节作用。两种最常检测到的化合物，在环境暴露生物体内通常也以最高浓度存在，它们是全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）。据报道，PFOA和PFOS会改变啮齿动物模型、鸟类模型、爬行类模型以及哺乳动物和非哺乳动物野生动物的炎症反应、细胞因子产生以及适应性和先天性免疫反应。越来越多的证据表明，实验室动物模型中的免疫效应发生时的血清浓度低于、在报告范围内或略高于高暴露人类和野生动物的报告浓度。因此，接触PFCs的人类和野生动物产生免疫效应的风险不容忽视，尤其是考虑到生物累积和接触多种PFCs的情况时。本综述简要介绍了当前及最近发表的有关PFOA、PFOS和其他PFCs在啮齿动物模型、替代实验室模型和野生动物中的免疫调节作用的研究工作。
